| Country: | Dominion of Pakistan |
| Type: | legislative |
| Previous Election: | 1946 North-West Frontier Province Legislative Council election |
| Previous Year: | 1946 |
| Next Election: | 1970 North-West Frontier Province provincial election |
| Next Year: | 1970 |
| Seats For Election: | All 85 seats in the Provincial Assembly |
| Majority Seats: | 43 |
| Election Date: | 10 December 1951 |
| Turnout: | 49% |
| Registered: | 1,346,938 |
| Image1: | 3x4.svg |
| Leader1: | Abdul Qayyum Khan |
| Party1: | Muslim League (Pakistan) |
| Last Election1: | 17 seats |
| Seats1: | 67 |
| Seat Change1: | 50 |
| Leader2: | Amin ul-Hasanat |
| Party2: | JAML |
| Color2: | FFFFFF |
| Last Election2: | – |
| Seats2: | 4 |
| Seat Change2: | New |
| Premier | |
| Posttitle: | Elected Premier |
| Before Election: | Abdul Qayyum Khan |
| Before Party: | Muslim League (Pakistan) |
| After Election: | Abdul Qayyum Khan |
| After Party: | Muslim League (Pakistan) |
Provincial Assembly elections were held in the North-West Frontier Province of the Dominion of Pakistan in 1951 to elect all 85 members of the Provincial Assembly, alongside provincial elections in West Punjab.[1] It was Pakistan's first provincial assembly election. The Muslim League won the election, defeating the Jinnah Awami Muslim League coalition of the Jinnah Muslim League and All-Pakistan Awami Muslim League.[2]
In the 1946 Indian provincial elections the Indian National Congress achieved a strong majority in North-West Frontier Province, largely due to the personality of Khudai Khidmatgar leader Abdul Ghaffar Khan, enabling them to form a government.[3] Although Khan strongly opposed the partition of India,[4] a 1947 referendum regarding accession to Pakistan was held. Khan boycotted the referendum,[5] which resulted in a large majority voting to join Pakistan.
Following Pakistani independence, the Muslim League called for Khan's government to be removed. This was achieved when Governor-General Muhammad Ali Jinnah dismissed Khan's cabinet and appointed Abdul Qayyum Khan as new Chief Minister.[6] In 1951 Qayyum announced the holding of provincial elections, which received negative reactions as most political leaders were in jail or exile. Although the Provincial Assembly was dissolved, Qayyum's government remained in power still as the interim government.[7]
The number of seats in the Assembly was increased from 50 to 85, including three reserved seats (two for Muslim women and one for non-Muslims).[7] A total of 240 candidates contested the elections, of which 84 were from the Muslim League (nine of whom were unopposed), 46 from the Jinnah Awami Muslim League, five from the Azad Muslim League, three from Jamaat-e-Islami and four from the Islami League. Around 660,000 voters voted in the election, a turnout of 49%.[7]
Qayyum led the Muslim League to a landslide victory,[8] winning 67 of the 85 seats.
After the elections, Qayyum formed a ministry with himself as Chief Minister, Mian Jaffar Shah as Education Minister, Jalal Baba as Local Self-Government Minister, M. R. Kiyani as Health Minister and Mir Ayub Khan as Revenue Minister.[7]