1921 Explained

Events

January

• January 2
  • The Association football club Cruzeiro Esporte Clube, from Belo Horizonte, is founded as the multi-sports club Palestra Italia by Italian expatriates in Brazil.^[1]
  • The Spanish liner Santa Isabel breaks in two and sinks off Villa Garcia, Mexico, with the loss of 244 of the 300 people on board.^[2]
• January 16  - The Marxist Left in Slovakia and the Transcarpathian Ukraine holds its founding congress in Ľubochňa.^[3]
• January 17  - The first recorded public performance of the illusion of "sawing a woman in half" is given by English stage magician P. T. Selbit at the Finsbury Park Empire variety theatre in London.^[4]
• January 20  - British K-class submarine HMS K5 sinks in the English Channel; all 57 on board are lost.^[5]
• January 21  - The full-length silent comedy drama film The Kid, written, produced, directed by and starring Charlie Chaplin (in his Tramp character), with Jackie Coogan, is released in the United States.
• January 25  - Italian battleship Leonardo da Vinci is righted in Taranto Harbour.

February

See main article: February 1921.

• February 12  - Red Army invasion of Georgia: The Democratic Republic of Georgia is invaded by forces of Bolshevist Russia.^[6]
• February 19  - The French Third Republic and Second Polish Republic form a defensive alliance.
• February 20  - The Young Communist League of Czechoslovakia is founded.^[7]
• February 21
  • 1921 Persian coup d'état: Rezā Khan and Zia'eddin Tabatabaee stage a coup d'état in Qajar dynasty Iran.^[8]
  • Conference of London of 1921–1922 convenes in an attempt to resolve problems arising from the dissolution of the Ottoman Empire.
• February 23  - The moderately conservative public official Oscar von Sydow takes over the Swedish premiership from Baron Louis De Geer the Younger.^[9]
• February 25  - Red Army invasion of Georgia: The Red Army enters the Georgian capital Tbilisi and occupies the country, installing a new government and proclaiming the Georgian Soviet Republic.^[10]
• February 27  - A Socialist congress at Vienna ends with the International Working Union of Socialist Parties founded.^[11]
• February 28  - The Kronstadt rebellion is initiated by sailors of the Soviet Navy's Baltic Fleet.^[12]

March

See main article: March 1921.

• March  - The Group Settlement Scheme in Western Australia begins.^[13]
• March 1
  • The city of Kiryū, located in Gunma Prefecture, Japan, is founded.
  • The Australia national cricket team, led by Warwick Armstrong, becomes the first to complete a whitewash of the touring England team in The Ashes, something that will not be repeated for 86 years.
• March 4  - Inauguration of Warren G. Harding as 29th President of the United States.^[14]
• March 5  - Irish War of Independence: Clonbanin ambush: A force of about 100 Irish Republican Army members attacks a British Army convoy of 40 soldiers, killing several, including Brigadier General Cumming.^[15]
• March 6 – The Allied Powers force Germany to pay war reparations.^[16]
• March 8
  • Spanish Premier Eduardo Dato e Iradier is assassinated while exiting the parliament building in Madrid.
  • Allied forces occupy Düsseldorf, Ruhrort and Duisburg.
• March 9  - Cilicia Peace Treaty is signed between the French Third Republic and the Turkish National Movement in an attempt to end the Franco-Turkish War.^[17]
• March 12  - The İstiklâl Marşı (Independence March), the Turkish national anthem, is officially adopted.
• March 13  - Occupation of Mongolia: The Russian White Army captures Mongolia from China; Roman von Ungern-Sternberg declares himself ruler.
• March 14  - Armenian Soghomon Tehlirian assassinates Mehmed Talaat, former Interior Minister of the Ottoman Empire, in Charlottenburg, Berlin.
• March 16
  • Treaty of Moscow establishes friendly relations between the Government of the Grand National Assembly of Turkey and the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic.
  • Six Irish Republican Army men of the Forgotten Ten are hanged in Mountjoy Prison, Dublin.^[18]
• March 17
  • The Red Army crushes the Kronstadt rebellion, and a number of sailors flee to Finland.^[19]
  • Marie Stopes opens the first birth control clinic in the British Empire in London, UK.^[20]
  • The Second Polish Republic adopts the March Constitution.
• March 18  - The second Peace of Riga ends the Polish–Soviet War. A permanent border is established between the Polish and Soviet states.
• March 20  - Upper Silesia votes for re-annexation to Germany.^[21]
• March 21
  • The New Economic Policy starts in Soviet Russia.
  • Irish War of Independence: Headford Ambush  - The Irish Republican Army kills at least 9 British Army troops.
• March 24  - The 1921 Women's Olympiad (the first international women's sports event) begins in Monte Carlo.
• March 31
  • Abkhazia becomes the Socialist Soviet Republic of Abkhazia.
  • The British government formally returns the coal mines from wartime control to their private owners, who demand wage cuts; in response, the Miners' Federation of Great Britain calls on its partner trade unions in the Triple Alliance to join it in strike action,^[22] leading in turn to the government declaring a state of emergency for the first time under the Emergency Powers Act 1920. On April 1, a lockout of striking coal miners begins.^[23]

April

See main article: April 1921.

• April 11  - The Emirate of Transjordan is created under British Mandate, with Abdullah I as emir.^[24]
• April 15  - "Black Friday" in Britain: transport union members of the 'Triple Alliance' refuse to support national strike action by coal miners.^[25]
• April 20  - Ferenc Molnár's play Liliom is first produced in English on Broadway.^[26] The play would later be adapted as the musical Carousel.

May

See main article: May 1921.

• May 1 - 7  - Jaffa riots: Riots at Jaffa, Mandatory Palestine result in 47 Jewish and 48 Arab deaths.
• May 2 - July 5  - Third Silesian Uprising: Poles in Upper Silesia rise against the Germans.
• May 3  - The province of Northern Ireland is created within the United Kingdom.^[27]
• May 5
  • London Schedule of Payments sets out the World War I reparations payable by the German Weimar Republic and other countries considered successors to the Central Powers  - 132 billion gold marks ($33 trillion), in annual installments of 2.5 billion.
  • Chanel No. 5 perfume launched by Coco Chanel.^[28]
  • Only 13 paying spectators attend the football match between Leicester City and Stockport County F.C. in England, the lowest attendance in The Football League's history.^[29]
• May 6  - The German-Soviet Provisional Agreement is signed: Germany recognises the Soviet government in the RSFSR.
• May 14 - 15  - The major May 1921 geomagnetic storm occurs.
• May 14 - 17  - Violent anti-European riots occur in Cairo and Alexandria, Egypt.
• May 16  - The Communist Party of Czechoslovakia is founded.
• May 19  - The Emergency Quota Act is passed by the United States Congress, establishing national quotas on immigration. Because this drastically limits immigration from Eastern Europe, Jews emigrating from there begin to prefer Palestine as a destination rather than the U.S.
• May 22  - In the first golf international between the two countries, the United States beats the United Kingdom 9 rounds to 3.
• May 23 - July 16  - The Leipzig War Crimes Trials are held in Germany.
• May 24  - 1921 Irish elections: In the first Northern Ireland general election for the new Parliament of Northern Ireland, Ulster Unionists win 40 out of 52 seats. The dominant-party system here will last for fifty years.
• May 25  - Irish War of Independence: The Irish Republican Army occupies and burns The Custom House in Dublin, the centre of local government in Ireland. Five IRA men are killed, and over 80 are captured by the British Army which surrounds the building.^[30]
• May 26  - A general strike begins in Norway.
• May 31 - June 1  - Tulsa Race Massacre (Greenwood Massacre): Mobs of white residents attack black residents and businesses in Greenwood District, Tulsa, Oklahoma. The official death toll is 36, but later investigations suggest an actual figure between 100 and 300. 1,250 homes are destroyed and roughly 6,000 African Americans imprisoned in one of the worst incidents of mass racial violence in the United States.

June

See main article: June 1921.

• June 3  - The death penalty is abolished in Sweden.^[31]
• June 10  - Paris declaration: Representatives of the three states of Transcaucasia and the North Caucasus (the Armenian, Azerbaijani and Georgian Socialist Soviet Republics) proclaim their independence, establishing a customs union and military alliance, not internationally recognized.^[32]
• June 15
  • Compagnie Générale Transatlantique's liner makes her maiden voyage from Le Havre to New York.^[33]
  • 29-year-old African American Bessie Coleman obtains her pilot's licence in France and becomes the first black woman to have a pilot's licence.^[34]
• June 21  - The International Hydrographic Bureau (IHB) is established as an agency of the League of Nations; it continues in this form until April 19, 1946.
• June 22 - July 12  - The Third Congress of the Communist International takes place.
• June 27  - The first signings of Treaty 11, an agreement between George V, King of Canada, and various Canadian First Nations, are conducted at Fort Providence.
• June 28
  • The Constitutional Assembly of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes passes the Vidovdan Constitution, despite a boycott of the vote by the communists, and Croat and Slovene parties.
  • The coal strike in the United Kingdom ends with the Miners' Federation of Great Britain obliged to accept pay cuts.^[23]

July

See main article: July 1921.

• • • July 1 The Chinese Communist Party (CCP) is founded.
  • The first BCG vaccination against tuberculosis is given, in Paris, France; the recipient is a newborn child.^[35]
• July 2  - U.S. President Warren Harding signs a joint congressional resolution, declaring an end to America's state of war with Germany, Austria and Hungary.^[36]
• July 4  - A new conservative government is formed in Italy by Ivanoe Bonomi.
• July 11
  • The Irish War of Independence ends under the terms of the truce (signed on 9 July) which becomes effective at noon between the British Army and the Irish Republican Army.
  • The Red Army captures Mongolia from the White Army and establishes the Mongolian People's Republic.
• July 14  - A Massachusetts jury finds Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti guilty of first degree murder following a widely publicized trial whose verdict will spark protests around the world.
• July 17  - The Republic of Mirdita is proclaimed near the Albanian-Serbian border, with Yugoslav support.
  • • July 21 Rif War: Battle of Annual  - Spanish troops are dealt a crushing defeat at the hands of Abd el-Krim in Morocco.
  • Edward Harper, the "father of broadcasting" in Ceylon, arrives in Colombo to take up his post as Chief Engineer of the Ceylon Telegraph Department.^[37]
• July 23  - 1st National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party opens in Shanghai.
• July 26  - U.S. President Warren G. Harding receives Princess Fatima of Afghanistan who is escorted by imposter Stanley Clifford Weyman.
• July 27  - Researchers at the University of Toronto, led by biochemist Frederick Banting, announce the discovery of the hormone insulin.
• July 29  - Adolf Hitler becomes Führer of the Nazi Party in Germany.

August

See main article: August 1921.

• August 5  - The first radio baseball game is broadcast: Harold Arlin announces the Pirates-Phillies game from Forbes Field over Westinghouse KDKA in Pittsburgh.
• August 11
  • Franklin D. Roosevelt's paralytic illness strikes while he is vacationing; on August 25 he is diagnosed with polio and aged 39 becomes permanently disabled.^[38]
  • The temperature reaches 39 degrees Celsius in Breslau; the heat wave continues elsewhere in Europe as well.
• August 23  - King Faisal I of Iraq is crowned in Baghdad.
• August 24  - R38-class airship ZR-2 explodes on her fourth test flight near Kingston upon Hull, England, killing 44 of the 49 Anglo-American crew on board.^[39]
• August 25  - The Battle of Blair Mountain, the largest labor uprising in United States history and the country's largest peacetime armed uprising, begins in Logan County, West Virginia as part of the Coal Wars, continuing until September 2.^[40]
• August 26
  • Rising prices cause major riots in Munich.
  • Following the assassination of former Finance Minister Matthias Erzberger by right-wing terrorists, the German government declares martial law.

September

See main article: September 1921.

• September 1  - Poplar Rates Rebellion: Nine members of the borough council of Poplar, London, are arrested.
• September 8  - Margaret Gorman, 16, wins the Golden Mermaid trophy at a beauty pageant in Atlantic City, New Jersey; officials later dub her the first Miss America.
• September 13  - White Castle hamburger restaurant opens in Wichita, Kansas,^[41] foundation of the world's first fast food chain.
• September 21  - The Oppau explosion occurs at BASF's nitrate factory in Oppau, Germany; 500–600 are killed.
• September 28  - Sauerländer Heimatbund is founded in Meschede, Germany.^[42]

October

See main article: October 1921.

• • • 3 October Simko, the leader of the Shikak tribe, killed the Iranian commander Colonel Mohammad Taqi Pessian by he killed him by having his head cut off the Battle of Jafarabad (1921), which was the first incident of his rebellion.
• October 5
  • The World Series baseball game in North America is first broadcast on the radio, by Newark, New Jersey, station WJZ, Pittsburgh station KDKA, and a group of other commercial and amateur stations throughout the eastern United States.
  • Constitution of Liechtenstein granted by Johann II, Prince of Liechtenstein, making the country a constitutional monarchy.^[43]
• October 7
  • During his first rebellion, Simko Shikak launched an attack on the Savujbulak district of Mahabad in 1921. With a force of approximately 3,900, he attacked the Gendarmes, killing 400 of them and looting the local population.
• October 8  - The first Sweetest Day is staged in Cleveland, Ohio.
• October 10  - Teaching at the University of Szeged begins, in the Kingdom of Hungary.
• October 11  - The Irish Treaty Conference opens in London.^[44]
• October 13
  • The Treaty of Kars is signed between the Government of the Grand National Assembly of Turkey and the Armenian, Azerbaijani and Georgian Socialist Soviet Republics in Transcaucasia, establishing common boundaries.^[45]
  • Swedish Social Democratic party leader Hjalmar Branting becomes yet again Prime Minister, after strong general election gains for his party.
• October 19  - 'Bloody Night' (Noite Sangrenta): A massacre in Lisbon claims the lives of Portuguese Prime-Minister António Granjo and other politicians.
• October 20  - Treaty of Ankara signed between the French Third Republic and the Government of the Grand National Assembly of Turkey, ending the Franco-Turkish War.
• October 21  - George Melford's wildly successful silent film The Sheik, which will propel its leading actor Rudolph Valentino to international stardom, premieres in Los Angeles.
• October 24  - In the continuing Rif War, the Spanish Army defeats rifkabyl rebels in Morocco.
• October 29  - In the United States:
  • Construction of the Link River Dam, a part of the Klamath Project in Oregon, is completed.^[46]
  • Centre College's American football team, led by quarterback Bo McMillin, defeats Harvard University 6–0, to break Harvard's five-year winning streak. For decades afterward, this is called "football's upset of the century."

November

See main article: November 1921.

• November 4  - After a speech by Adolf Hitler in the Hofbräuhaus in Munich (Germany), members of the Sturmabteilung ("brownshirts") physically assault his opposition.^[47]
• November 9  - The National Fascist Party (Italian: Partito Nazionale Fascista or PNF) is founded in Italy.
• November 11  - During an Armistice Day ceremony at Arlington National Cemetery, the Tomb of the Unknowns is dedicated by Warren G. Harding, President of the United States.^[48]
• November 14  - The Spanish Communist Party is founded.^[49]
• November 23  - In the United States, the Sheppard–Towner Act is signed by President Harding, providing federal funding for maternity and child care.^[50]
• November  - Hyperinflation is rampant in Germany, where 263 marks are now needed to buy a single American dollar, more than 20 times greater than the 12 marks needed in April 1919.^[51]

December

See main article: December 1921.

• December 1  - Rising prices cause riots in Vienna.
• December 6
  • The Anglo-Irish Treaty establishing the Irish Free State, an independent nation incorporating 26 of Ireland's 32 counties, is signed in London.
  • Agnes Macphail becomes the first woman to be elected to the Canadian Parliament.
• December 13  - In the Four-Power Treaty on Insular Possessions, the Empire of Japan, United States, United Kingdom, and French Third Republic agree to recognize the status quo in the Pacific.
• December 23  - Visva-Bharati College is founded by Rabindranath Tagore in Santiniketan, Bengal Presidency, British India.
• December 29  - William Lyon Mackenzie King becomes Canada's tenth prime minister; he will serve for three non-consecutive terms until 1948.

Date unknown

• Spring  - Russian famine of 1921–22 begins;^[52] roughly 5,000,000 die.
• Luxury goods brand Gucci is founded in Florence, Italy.^[53]

Births

January

• January 1
  • César Baldaccini, French sculptor (d. 1998)^[54]
  • Cliff Bourland, American athlete (d. 2018)^[55]
  • Hossein Wahid Khorasani, Iranian ayatollah
  • Isma'il Raji al-Faruqi, Palestinian-American Islamic scholar (d. 1986)^[56]
    • January 3 Bill Gold, American graphic designer (d. 2018)
  • Bob Dawson, Australian rules footballer (d. 2023)
  • Jean-Louis Koszul, French mathematician (d. 2018)^[57]
  • John Russell, American actor (d. 1991)
  • Cecil Souders, American football player (d. 2021)
• January 4  - Pedro Richter Prada, 115th Prime Minister of Peru (d. 2017)
• January 5
  • Friedrich Dürrenmatt, Swiss writer (d. 1990)^[58]
  • Jean, Grand Duke of Luxembourg (d. 2019)^[59]
• January 9  - Ágnes Keleti, Hungarian artistic gymnast^[60]
• January 10  - T. M. Kaliannan, Indian politician (d. 2021)
• January 11  - Juanita M. Kreps, American government official and businesswoman (d. 2010)^[61]
• January 12  - Muriel Phillips, American nurse and author (d. 2022)
• January 14  - Murray Bookchin, American libertarian socialist (d. 2006)^[62]
  • • January 16 Henry Sayler, American politician (d. 2021)
  • George Thomson, Baron Thomson of Monifieth, British politician and journalist (d. 2008)
  • Shmuel Toledano, Israeli politician (d. 2022)
    • January 17 Asghar Khan, Pakistani politician, first native Commander-in-Chief of the Pakistan Air Force, the world's youngest Air Vice Marshal at 36 and Air Marshal at 37 years old (d. 2018)^[63]
  • Epaminondas Stassinopoulos, Greek astrophysicist (d. 2022)
  • Dan Tolkowsky, Israeli Air Force commander
• January 18  - Yoichiro Nambu, Japanese-American Nobel physicist (d. 2015)^[64]
  • • January 19 William 'Billy Batts' Devino, New York mobster with the Gambino crime family (d. 1970)
  • Rachel Dror, German teacher and Holocaust survivor
  • Patricia Highsmith, American author (d. 1995)^[65]
• January 20  - John Bai Ningxian, Chinese Roman Catholic bishop (d. unknown)
  • • January 21 Jaswant Singh Marwah, Indian soldier, journalist and author
  • Howard Unruh, American spree killer (d. 2009)^[66]
• January 22  - Eleanor Owen, American playwright, actress, professor and mental health advocate (d. 2022)
• January 23
  • Hermann Baumann, Swiss Olympic freestyle wrestler
  • Marija Gimbutas, Lithuanian archaeologist (d. 1994)
  • Justus Rosenberg, Polish academic (d. 2021)
• January 24  - Beatrice Mintz, American biologist^[67] (d. 2022)
• January 25  - Josef Holeček, Czechoslovakian canoeist (d. 2005)
  • • January 26 Elisabeth Kirkby, English-born Australian actress, politician and radio broadcaster
  • Akio Morita, Japanese businessman, co-founder of Sony (d. 1999)
  • Veikko Uusimäki, Finnish actor and theater councilor (d. 2008)^[68]
    • January 27 Raymond E. Peet, American admiral (d. 2021)
  • Donna Reed, American actress (d. 1986)^[69]
• January 29  - Mustafa Ben Halim, Former Prime Minister of Libya (d. 2021)^[70]
• January 31
  • Carol Channing, American actress (d. 2019)
  • Abu Sayeed Chowdhury, 2nd President of Bangladesh (d. 1987)
  • Mario Lanza, American operatic tenor and actor (d. 1959)^[71]

February

• • • February 1 Dino De Martin, Italian bobsledder (d. 1960)
  • Francisco Raúl Villalobos Padilla, Mexican Roman Catholic bishop (d. 2022)
  • Peter Sallis, English actor (d. 2017)
• February 4  - Betty Friedan, American feminist (d. 2006)^[72]
  • • February 5 Zbigniew Czajkowski, Polish fencer (d. 2019)
  • Lise Thiry, Belgian scientist and politician (d. 2024)
    • February 7 Dean S. Laird, American naval aviator and flying ace (d. 2022)
  • Trude Malcorps, Dutch swimmer
    • February 8 Hans Albert, German philosopher (d. 2023)
  • Nexhmije Hoxha, widow of Albanian communist leader Enver Hoxha (d. 2020)
  • Betsy Jochum, American baseball player
  • Balram Singh Rai, Guyanese politician (d. 2022)
  • Lana Turner, American actress (d. 1995)^[73]
• February 11  - Lloyd Bentsen, American politician (d. 2006)^[74]
• February 13  - Renée Doria, French operatic soprano (d. 2021)
  • • February 14 Frank A. DeMarco, Italian-born Canadian educator and administrator (d. 2023)
  • Hazel McCallion, Canadian politician and businesswoman (d. 2023)^[75]
• February 16
  • John Galbraith Graham, crossword compiler (pseudonyms 'Arucaria' and 'Cinephile') and priest (d. 2013)
  • Hua Guofeng, Chairman of the Chinese Communist Party, Premier of China (d. 2008)^[76]
  • Walter Thiele, German inventor
  • Vera-Ellen, American actress and dancer (d. 1981)^[77]
    • February 17 Muriel Coben, Canadian professional baseball, curling player (d. 1979)
  • Herbert Köfer, German actor (d. 2021)
    • February 18 Ken Casanega, American football player (d. 2021)
  • Brian Faulkner, 6th Prime Minister of Northern Ireland (d. 1977)^[78]
    • February 20 "Nature Boy" Buddy Rogers, American professional wrestler (d. 1992)
  • Alex Thomson, Scottish rugby player (d. 2010)
• February 21
  • Leroy J. Manor, American Air Force general (d. 2021)
  • John Rawls, American liberal moral and political philosopher (d. 2002)
    • February 22 Jean-Bédel Bokassa, 2nd President of the Central African Republic (1966–1976), Emperor of Central Africa (1976–1979) (d. 1996)^[79]
  • Wayne C. Booth, American literary critic (d. 2005)
  • Marshall Teague, American race car driver (d. 1959)
  • Giulietta Masina, Italian actress (d. 1994)
    • February 24 Ingvar Lidholm, Swedish composer (d. 2017)
  • Dick Van Orden, American admiral (d. 2018)
  • Abe Vigoda, American actor (d. 2016)
• February 25  - Pierre Laporte, Canadian statesman (d. 1970)
• February 26  - Betty Hutton, American actress and singer (d. 2007)^[80]
• February 27  - Eka Tjipta Widjaja, Chinese-Indonesian billionaire and businessman (d. 2019)
  • • February 28 Pierre Clostermann, French World War II pilot (d. 2006)
  • Theodor Otto Diener, Swiss-born American plant pathologist (d. 2023)

March

• March 1
  • Jack Clayton, British film director (d. 1995)^[81]
  • Terence Cardinal Cooke, American Roman Catholic prelate (d. 1983)
  • Richard Wilbur, American poet (d. 2017)^[82]
• March 2  - Wilhelm Büsing, German equestrian (d. 2023)
• March 3
  • Diana Barrymore, American actress (d. 1960)^[83]
  • Robert Simpson, English composer (d. 1997)
• March 4  - Halim El-Dabh, Egyptian-born U.S. composer, performer, ethnomusicologist and educator (d. 2017)
• March 5  - Elmer Valo, Czechoslovakia-born Major League Baseball player (d. 1998)
• March 7  - Syed Nasir Ismail, Malaysian politician (d. 1982)
• March 8  - Alan Hale Jr., American actor (Gilligan's Island) (d. 1990)
• March 9  - Evelyn M. Witkin, American geneticist (d. 2023)
  • • March 10 George Elder, American baseball player (d. 2022)
  • Cec Linder, Polish-born Canadian actor (d. 1992)
  • Charlotte Zucker, American actress (d. 2007)
• March 11
  • Frank Harary, American mathematician (d. 2005)^[84]
  • Astor Piazzolla, Argentine tango composer, bandoneon player and arranger (d. 1992)
• March 12
  • Gianni Agnelli, Italian auto executive (d. 2003)^[85]
  • Gordon MacRae, American singer, actor (d. 1986)^[86]
• March 13  - Al Jaffee, American cartoonist (d. 2023)
  • • March 14 George Berci, Hungarian-American surgeon (d. 2024)
  • Lis Hartel, Danish equestrian (d. 2009)
• March 17  - Meir Amit, Israeli politician, general (d. 2009)^[87]
• March 18 – Betty Hall, American politician (d. 2018)
  • • March 20 Amadou-Mahtar M'Bow, Senegalese educator (d. 2024)
  • Alfréd Rényi, Hungarian mathematician (d. 1970)
• March 21
  • Arthur Grumiaux, Belgian violinist (d. 1986)
  • Xu Zuyao, Chinese expert in materials science (d. 2017)
  • Vasily Stalin, Soviet general (d. 1962)^[88]
  • Abdul Salam Arif, President of Iraq (d. 1966)
• March 22  - Jean Bruce, French writer (d. 1963)
• March 24
  • Wilson Harris, Guyanese writer (d. 2018)
  • Vasily Smyslov, Soviet chess player (d. 2010)
  • Franciszek Blachnicki, Polish priest (d. 1987)^[89]
    • March 25 Simone Signoret, French actress (d. 1985)^[90]
  • Alexandra of Yugoslavia (d. 1993)^[91]
• March 27  - Hélène Berr, French writer (d. 1945)
• March 28  - Dirk Bogarde, English actor and writer (d. 1999)^[92]
• March 29  - Elizabeth Kelly, English actress
• March 30  - Francesc Gras Salas, Catalan ophthalmologist (died 2022)
  • • March 31 Kurt Bertsch, Swiss footballer
  • Eduardo Cerqueira, Portuguese footballer
  • Roy Houghton, English footballer

April

• April 1
  • Arthur "Guitar Boogie" Smith, American musician and songwriter (d. 2014)^[93]
  • Abd-Al-Minaam Khaleel, Egyptian army general (d. 2022)
• April 3  - Darío Moreno, Turkish singer (d. 1968)^[94]
• April 6  - Wilbur Thompson, American Olympic champion shot putter (d. 2013)
• April 7
  • Robina Asti, WWII veteran, flight instructor, trans' rights activist, women's rights activist (d. 2021)^[95]
  • Bill Butler, American cinematographer (d. 2023)
    • April 8 Giuseppe Albani, Italian footballer (d. 1989)
  • Franco Corelli, Italian opera singer (d. 2003)^[96]
  • Phyllis Latour, English-French Legion of Honour recipient (d. 2023)
    • April 9 Jean-Marie Balestre, French sports executive (d. 2008)
  • Roger Bocquet, Swiss footballer (d. 1994)
  • Mary Jackson, African-American mathematician and engineer (d. 2005)^[97]
  • Yitzhak Navon, Israeli politician (d. 2015)
• April 10
  • Chuck Connors, American basketball and baseball player turned actor (d. 1992)^[98]
  • Elizabeth Innes, Scottish paediatric haematologist (d. 2015)
• April 11  - Maura McNiel, American feminist (d. 2020)
• April 12  - Enric Marco, Spanish imposter, fake Holocaust survivor (d. 2022)
  • • April 13 Dona Ivone Lara, Brazilian singer, composer (d. 2018)
  • Leo Mogus, American basketball player (d. 1971)
  • Louis Witten, American theoretical physicist
• April 14  - Thomas Schelling, American economist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2016)
• April 15  - Georgy Beregovoy, Soviet cosmonaut (d. 1995)
  • • April 16 Peter Ustinov, English actor, director and writer (d. 2004)^[99]
  • Guy Warren, Australian painter (d. 2024)
• April 17  - Sergio Sollima, Italian director (d. 2015)
• April 18  - Xu Yuanchong, Chinese translator (d. 2021)
• April 19
  • Robert Maxwell, American songwriter and harpist (d. 2012)
  • Roberto Tucci, Italian cardinal, theologian (d. 2015)
• April 20  - Kenneth O. Chilstrom, American Air Force officer (d. 2022)
• April 22  - Vivian Dandridge, African-American actress (d. 1991)
• April 23  - Janet Blair, American actress (d. 2007)
• April 25  - Karel Appel, Dutch painter (d. 2006)^[100]
• April 26
  • Nelson Dalzell, New Zealand rugby union player (d. 1989)
  • Jimmy Giuffre, American jazz musician (d. 2008)
• April 27
  • Abdelmalek Benhabyles, Algerian politician (d. 2018)
  • Hans-Joachim Kulenkampff, German television host, entertainer (d. 1998)
    • April 29 Cornelis de Jager, Dutch astronomer (d. 2021)
  • Pavel Vranský, Czech brigadier general and RAF radio operator (d. 2018)
• April 30
  • Dottie Green, American professional baseball player (d. 1992)
  • Tove Maës, Danish actress (d. 2010)

May

• • • May 2 B. B. Lal, Indian archaeologist (d. 2022)
  • Satyajit Ray, Indian filmmaker (d. 1992)
• May 3  - Sugar Ray Robinson, American boxer (d. 1989)^[101]
• May 4  - Harry Daghlian, American physicist (d. 1945)
  • • May 5 Jim Conacher, Canadian ice hockey player (d. 2020)
  • Arthur Leonard Schawlow, American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1999)
  • Eric Tweedale, English-born Australian rugby union player (d. 2023)
• May 6 – Erich Fried, Austrian author (d. 1988)
• May 8  - Robert Hugh Ferrell, American historian (d. 2018)
• May 9  - Sophie Scholl, German student, anti-Nazi resistance fighter (executed) (d. 1943)
  • • May 11 Hildegard Hamm-Brücher, German politician (d. 2016)
  • Alec Mathieson, Australian rules footballer (d. 2022)
• May 12
  • Joseph Beuys, German artist (d. 1986)
  • Farley Mowat, Canadian writer, naturalist (d. 2014)
  • Lily Renée, Austrian-born American cartoonist (d. 2022)
• May 15  - Baron Vaea, Prime Minister of Tonga (d. 2009)
  • • May 16 Earl Ashby, Cuban baseball player
  • Harry Carey Jr., American actor (d. 2012)
• May 17  - Dennis Brain, English musician (d. 1957)^[102]
• May 18  - Michael A. Epstein, English pathologist and academic (d. 2024)
• May 19
  • Karel van het Reve, Dutch writer (d. 1999)
  • Yuri Kochiyama, Japanese-American civil rights activist (d. 2014)
• May 20  - Wolfgang Borchert, German writer (d. 1947)^[103]
• May 21
  • Andrei Sakharov, Soviet physicist, human rights activist, and recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (d. 1989)^[104]
  • Prabhat Ranjan Sarkar, Indian philosopher, author of the socio-economic Progressive Utilization Theory (d. 1990)
• May 23
  • Beate Albrecht, German violinist and music educator (d. 2017)
  • James Blish, American science fiction author (d. 1975)^[105]
  • Laurin L. Henry, American researcher
  • Ray Lawler, Australian actor and director (d. 2024)
  • Humphrey Lyttelton, British jazz musician, radio personality (d. 2008)
  • Georgy Natanson, Russian director, screenwriter and playwright (d. 2017)
• May 25
  • Hal David, American songwriter and lyricist (d. 2012)^[106]
  • Kitty Kallen, American singer (d. 2016)
  • Sadhu Ram Sharma, Indian politician
  • Jack Steinberger, German-born physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2020)
    • May 26 Inge Borkh, German soprano (some sources say she was born 1917) (d. 2018)
  • Stan Mortensen, English footballer (d. 1991)^[107]
• May 28  - Heinz G. Konsalik, German author (d. 1999)^[108]
• May 29  - Norman Hetherington, Australian puppeteer and artist (d. 2010)
  • • May 30 Branko Mamula, Yugoslav politician (d. 2021)
  • Jamie Uys, South African actor, film director (d. 1996)^[109]

June

• June 1  - Nelson Riddle, American bandleader (d. 1985)^[110]
• June 3  - Forbes Carlile, Australian athlete (d. 2016)
• June 4  - Bobby Wanzer, American basketball player and coach (d. 2016)
  • • June 5 James Francis Edwards, Canadian fighter pilot (d. 2022)
  • P. K. Warrier, Indian Ayurveda practitioner (d. 2021)
• June 6  - Mikheil Tumanishvili, Georgian theatre director, teacher (d. 1996)
• June 7
  • Myrtle Edwards, Australian cricketer, softball player (d. 2010)
  • Bernard Lown, American medical innovator, Nobel Peace Prize recipient (d. 2021)
  • Jakob Skarstein, Norwegian journalist and radio personality (d. 2021)
  • Brian Talboys, New Zealand politician, 7th Deputy Prime Minister of New Zealand (d. 2012)
• June 8
  • Alexis Smith, Canadian-born American actress (d. 1993)
  • Suharto, President of Indonesia (d. 2008)^[111]
    • June 9 Margaret Danhauser, American professional baseball player (d. 1987)
  • Gul Hassan Khan, Pakistani survivor of the 1935 Quetta earthquake, three-star rank General and last C-in-C of the Pakistan Army
• June 10
  • Oskar Gröning, German SS officer, war criminal (d. 2018)
  • Jim Cullivan, American football coach (d. 2024)
  • Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, Greek-born member of the British royal family as consort of Queen Elizabeth II (d. 2021)^[112]
  • Sergio Arellano Stark, Chilean military officer (d. 2016)
  • Yakov Springer, Polish weightlifting judge (d. 1972)
    • June 12 Luis García Berlanga, Spanish film director and screenwriter (d. 2010)
  • Johan Witteveen, Dutch politician, economist and 5th Managing Director of the IMF (d. 2019)^[113]
    • • • June 13 Edmund W. Gordon, American psychologist Nancy Warren, American professional baseball player (d. 2001)
• June 16  - Walter Barylli, Austrian violinist (d. 2022)
• June 17  - Aydın Boysan, Turkish architect (d. 2018)
• June 19
  • Richard M. Goody, English-born American atmospheric physicist and professor (d. 2023)
  • Doris Sands Johnson, Bahamian teacher, suffragette and politician (d. 1983)
  • Louis Jourdan, French actor (d. 2015)^[114]
• June 21
  • Gebhard Büchel, Liechtenstein decathlete
  • Hernando Hoyos, Colombian sports shooter (d. 2000)
  • Patricia Kenworthy Nuckols, American field hockey player and aviator (d. 2022)
  • Thomas Morrow Reavley, American judge (d. 2020)
  • Jane Russell, American actress (d. 2011)
    • June 22 Ralph K. Hofer, American fighter pilot (d. 1942)
  • Růžena Krásná, Czech politician and human rights advocate (d. 2012)
  • Barbara Perry, American actress and singer (d. 2019)
    • June 23 Paul Findley, American politician (d. 2019)
  • Marius Mora, French cross-country skier (d. 2006)
  • Colin Pinch, Australian cricketer (d. 2006)
• June 24  - Gerhard Sommer, German soldier (d. 2019)
• June 25  - Dennis Wilson, British war poet (d. 2022)
  • • June 26 Robert Everett, American computer scientist (d. 2018)
  • Violette Szabo, French World War II heroine (d. 1945)^[115]
    • June 27 Muriel Pavlow, English actress (d. 2019)
  • Princess Vimolchatra of Thailand (d. 2009)
• June 28  - P. V. Narasimha Rao, Prime Minister of India (d. 2004)
• June 29
  • Bob Kennedy, American football player (d. 2010)
  • Jean Kent, English actress (d. 2013)
  • Reinhard Mohn, German businessman (d. 2009)
• June 30
  • Oswaldo López Arellano, 42nd and 44th President of Honduras (d. 2010)
  • Jules Amez-Droz, Swiss fencer (d. 2012)
  • Pierre Labric, French organist and composer

July

• July 1  - Seretse Khama, 1st President of Botswana (d. 1980)^[116]
• July 2  - Joseph Zhu Baoyu, Chinese Roman Catholic bishop (d. 2020)
• July 3
  • Flor María Chalbaud, former First Lady of Venezuela (d. 2013)
  • Levi Yitzchak Horowitz, American-born Hasidic rebbe (d. 2009)
• July 4
  • Gérard Debreu, French economist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2004)
  • Dudar Hahanov, Soviet composer, violinist and conductor (d. 1995)
  • Nasser Sharifi, Iranian sports shooter
  • Tibor Varga, Hungarian violinist, conductor (d. 2003)
    • July 5 Clare Abbott, South African artist and illustrator (d. 2008)
  • Zeynep Korkmaz, Turkish scholar and dialectologist
  • Nanos Valaoritis, Greek writer (d. 2019)
  • Patricia Wright, American actress
    • July 6 Nancy Reagan, American actress, First Lady of the United States (d. 2016)^[117]
  • Allan MacEachen, Canadian politician (d. 2017)
• July 7  - Dragomir Felba, Serbian actor (d. 2006)
• July 8
  • John Money, New Zealand psychologist, sexologist and author (d. 2006)^[118]
  • Edgar Morin, French philosopher and sociologist
  • Frank Prihoda, Australian alpine skier (d. 2022)
    • July 10 Ed Iskenderian, American hot rodder and entrepreneur
  • Eunice Kennedy Shriver, daughter of American politician Joseph P. Kennedy (d. 2009)^[119]
  • John K. Singlaub, U.S. Army Major General (d. 2022)
• July 11
  • Claude Bonin-Pissarro, French painter and graphic designer (d. 2021)
  • Petter Hugsted, Norwegian Olympic ski jumper (d. 2000)^[120]
  • Ilse Werner, German actress (d. 2005)^[121]
    • July 13 Lucette Finas, French author and essayist
  • Ernest Gold, Austrian-American composer (d. 1999)^[122]
  • Reinhard Sommer, German trade union leader
• July 14
  • Leon Garfield, English writer (d. 1996)^[123]
  • Armand Gaudreault, Canadian ice hockey player (d. 2013)
  • Geoffrey Wilkinson, English chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1996)^[124]
  • Sixto Durán Ballén, President of Ecuador (d. 2016)
    • July 15 Robert Bruce Merrifield, American chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2006)
  • Carl Richardson, American football coach (d. 2023)
  • N. Sankaraiah, Indian communist politician (d. 2023)
• July 17
  • Acquanetta, American actress (d. 2004)
  • Pío Corcuera, Argentine football striker (d. 2011)
  • Hannah Szenes, Hungarian World War II heroine (d. 1944)
• July 18
  • Aaron T. Beck, American psychiatrist^[125] (d. 2021)
  • John Glenn, American astronaut, U.S. Senator (d. 2016)
  • Heinz Bennent, German actor (d. 2011)
  • Gerry Mays, Scottish football player, manager (d. 2006)
  • Richard Leacock, British-born documentary filmmaker, pioneer of Cinéma Vérité (d. 2011)
    • July 19 Bertil Antonsson, Swedish heavyweight wrestler (d. 2006)
  • Rosalyn Sussman Yalow, American physicist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 2011)
• July 21  - Murad Ahmad, Malaysian politician
  • • July 26 Valmiki Choudhary, Indian politician (d. 1996)
  • Wang Xiji, Chinese aerospace engineer
    • July 28 Melba Hernández, Cuban politician, diplomat (d. 2014)
  • Ella Tengbom-Velander, Swedish politician (d. 2022)
    • July 29 Richard Egan, American actor (d. 1987)^[126]
  • Gustav Victor Rudolf Born, German-British pharmacologist (d. 2018)
• July 30  - Grant Johannesen, American concert pianist (d. 2005)
• July 31
  • Whitney Young, American civil rights leader (d. 1971)
  • Mel Hirsch, American basketball player (d. 1968)
  • Julieta Pinto, Costa Rican educator and writer (d. 2022)

August

• • • August 1 George Büchi, American chemist (d. 1998)
  • Jack Kramer, American tennis player and commentator (d. 2009)^[127]
• August 2 – Mable Lee, American tap dancer, singer, and entertainer (d. 2019)^[128]
• August 3 – Richard Adler, American Broadway composer (d. 2012)
  • • August 4 Charles H. Coolidge, American Medal of Honour recipient (d. 2021)
  • Maurice Richard, Canadian hockey player (d. 2000)
• August 5  - Anita Foss, American baseball player (d. 2015)
• August 8  - Esther Williams, American swimmer, actress (d. 2013)^[129]
• August 9
  • Ernest Angley, American evangelist, author and station owner (d. 2021)
  • Patricia Marmont, American-English actress (d. 2020)
    • August 10 Ion Negoițescu, Romanian literary historian, critic, poet, novelist and memoirist (d. 1993)
  • Jack B. Weinstein, American federal judge (d. 2021)
• August 11 – Alex Haley, American author (d. 1992)^[130]
• August 13 – Mary Lee, Scottish singer (d. 2022)
• August 15
  • Tom M. Rice, American soldier and paratrooper that fought in WWII (d. 2022)
  • K. Kailasanatha Kurukkal, Sri Lankan researcher, writer and professor (d. 2000)
• August 17
  • Betty Cody, Canadian-born country music singer (d. 2014)
  • Geoffrey Elton, born Gottfried Ehrenberg, German-born British political and constitutional historian (d. 1994)
• August 19  - Gene Roddenberry, American television producer (Star Trek) (d. 1991)^[131]
  • • August 21 Babbis Friis-Baastad, Norwegian children's writer (d. 1970)
  • John Osteen, American televangelist (d. 1999)
  • Victor Szebehely, Hungarian-American astronomer (d. 1997)
• August 22  - Lee Loy Seng, Malaysian businessman (d. 1993)
• August 23  - Kenneth Arrow, American economist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2017)^[132]
• August 24  - Gerald Tanner, Australian rules footballer (d. 2022)
• August 26
  • Shimshon Amitsur, Israeli mathematician, Israel Prize recipient (d. 1994)^[133]
  • Benjamin Bradlee, American journalist, executive editor of The Washington Post (d. 2014)^[134]
• August 27
  • Leo Penn, American actor and director (d. 1998)^[135]
  • Georg Alexander, Duke of Mecklenburg, head of the House of Mecklenburg-Strelitz (d. 1996)
  • Abang Muhammad Salahuddin, 3rd and 6th Yang di-Pertua Negeri of Sarawak (d. 2022)
• August 28
  • Nancy Kulp, American actress (d. 1991)
  • Lidia Gueiler Tejada, 56th President of Bolivia (d. 2011)^[136]
• August 29
  • Iris Apfel, American interior designer (d. 2024)
  • Arlo Hullinger, American politician (d. 2021)
  • Wendell Scott, American race car driver (d. 1990)
  • Paddy Roy Bates, British pirate radio broadcaster, founder of the Principality of Sealand (d. 2012)
• August 30  - David Finn, American public relations executive and photographer (d. 2021)
• August 31  - Raymond Williams, Welsh academic, novelist and critic (d. 1988)^[137]

September

• September 2  - Julio Adalberto Rivera Carballo, 34th President of El Salvador (d. 1973)
  • • September 3 Bill Dean, English actor (d. 2000)
  • Oonah Shannahan, New Zealand netball player (d. 2022)
• September 4  - Paul A. Libby, American professor (d. 2021)
  • • September 5 Queen Consort Farida of Egypt (d. 1988)
  • Eddy Goldfarb, American toy inventor
• September 6  - Andrée Geulen-Herscovici, member of the Comité de Défense des Juifs (d. 2022)
  • • September 7 Riccardo Cerutti, Italian rower (d. 1999)
  • Antonio Gelabert, Spanish road bicycle racer (d. 1956)
  • Arthur Ferrante, American pianist (Ferrante & Teicher) (d. 2009)
  • Linus Nirmal Gomes, Indian Roman Catholic bishop (d. 2021)
  • Kenneth M. Watson, American theoretical physicist and physical oceanographer (d. 2023)
• September 8
  • Harry Secombe, Welsh entertainer (d. 2001)^[138]
  • Dinko Šakić, Croatian concentration camp commander (d. 2008)
• September 10  - Hideo Haga, Japanese photographer (d. 2022)
• September 11  - George Joseph, American insurer
  • • September 12 Stanisław Lem, Polish science fiction writer (d. 2006)
  • Bachir Yellès, Algerian painter (d. 2022)
    • September 13 Gunnar Eriksson, Swedish Olympic cross-country skier (d. 1982)
  • Cyrille Adoula, Congolese trade unionist and politician, 4th Prime Minister of Zaire (d. 1978)^[139]
  • Sergey Nepobedimy, Soviet rocket weaponry designer (d. 2014)
• September 14  - A. Jean de Grandpré, Canadian lawyer and businessman (d. 2022)
• September 15  - Joseph Iléo, Prime Minister of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (d. 1994)^[140]
• September 16  - Earle Parsons, American football player (d. 2014)
• September 17  - Virgilio Barco Vargas, 27th President of Colombia (d. 1997)^[141]
  • • September 18 Nermin Abadan Unat, Turkish lawyer and professor
  • Kamal Hassan Aly, Egyptian politician, 43rd Prime Minister of Egypt (d. 1993)^[142]
  • Johannes W. Rohen, German anatomist (d. 2022)
• September 19  - Paulo Freire, Brazilian educator and philosopher (d. 1997)^[143]
• September 20  - Leon Comber, English author and military officer (d. 2023)
• September 21  - Gaylen C. Hansen, American artist
• September 22  - Betty Reid Soskin, American park ranger
• September 24
  • André Lacroix, French pentathlete (d. 2016)
  • Jim McKay, American sportscaster (d. 2008)
  • Charlene Pryer, American professional baseball player (d. 1999)
    • September 25 Robert Muldoon, 31st Prime Minister of New Zealand (d. 1992)^[144]
  • Alf Patrick, English footballer (d. 2021)
  • Robert C. Prim, American mathematician and computer scientist (d. 2021)
    • September 27 Miklós Jancsó, Hungarian film director (d. 2014)
  • John Malcolm Patterson, American politician (d. 2021)
• September 28  - Lim Tze Peng, Singaporean artist
• September 29  - Grigory Svirsky, Russian-Canadian writer (d. 2016)
• September 30
  • Sagramor de Scuvero Brandão (d. 1995) Brazilian actress and radio personality
  • Deborah Kerr, Scottish actress (d. 2007)^[145]
  • Jorge Loring Miró, Spanish Jesuit priest, public speaker and author (d. 2013)

October

• October 1  - James Whitmore, American actor (d. 2009)^[146]
• October 2  - Robert Runcie, Archbishop of Canterbury (d. 2000)^[147]
• October 3  - Ray Lindwall, Australian cricketer (d. 1996)
• October 4
  • Francisco Morales-Bermúdez, President of Peru (d. 2022)^[148]
  • Shin Kyuk-ho, South Korean businessman and founder of Lotte Corporation (d. 2020)
    • October 6 Joseph Lowery, American minister and civil rights activist (d. 2020)
  • Joop Sanders, Dutch-born American painter and educator (d. 2023)
    • October 7 Beth Bentley, American poet (d. 2021)
  • Richard L. Duchossois, American businessman (d. 2022)
• October 8  - Abraham Sarmiento, Filipino Supreme Court jurist (d. 2010)
• October 9  - Dot Wilkinson, American softball player (d. 2023)
• October 10  - James Clavell, British novelist (d. 1994)^[149]
• October 11
  • Manuel Costa, Spanish road racing cyclist
  • Shaw McCutcheon, American cartoonist (d. 2016)
• October 13
  • Enrico Cocozza, Scottish filmmaker (d. 2009)
  • Yves Montand, French singer and actor (d. 1991)^[150]
• October 14
  • Zizinho, Brazilian football player (d. 2002)
  • José Arraño Acevedo, Chilean historian (d. 2009)
  • Jeffrey G. Smith, American general (d. 2021)
• October 16  - Sita Ram Goel, Indian historian, publisher and author (d. 2003)^[151]
  • • October 17 Edel Hætta Eriksen, Norwegian schoolteacher and politician (d. 2023)
  • Maria Gorokhovskaya, Soviet gymnast (d. 2001)
• October 19  - Gunnar Nordahl, Swedish footballer (d. 1995)
• October 21
  • Malcolm Arnold, British music composer (d. 2006)^[152]
  • Mohammad Mohammadullah, 3rd President of Bangladesh (d. 1999)^[153]
  • Zorawar Chand Bakhshi, Indian Army General (d. 2018)
  • Ingrid van Houten-Groeneveld, Dutch astronomer (d. 2015)
• October 22  - Georges Brassens, French singer-songwriter (d. 1981)^[154]
  • • October 23 Denise Duval, French operatic soprano (d. 2016)^[155]
  • Archie Lamb, English ambassador and writer (d. 2021)
  • André Turcat, French aviator, first pilot of Concorde (d. 2016)^[156]
  • İlhan Usmanbaş, Turkish composer
• October 24  - Sena Jurinac, Bosnian operatic soprano (d. 2011)
• October 25  - King Michael I of Romania (d. 2017)^[157]
• October 26  - Ted Bassett, American executive
• October 27  - Eugene Chelyshev, Russian indologist and academician (d. 2020)
• October 29  - Santiago Fierro Fierro, Mexican politician and medical doctor (d. 2009)
• Unknown  - Cao Keqiang, Chinese diplomat

November

• November 1  - Pavel Țugui, Romanian communist activist and literary historian (d. 2021)
• November 2  - Wanda Półtawska, Polish physician and author (d. 2023)
• November 3  - Charles Bronson, American actor (d. 2003)^[158]
  • • November 5 Princess Fawzia Fuad of Egypt (d. 2013)
  • John F. Gonge, American lieutenant general
  • Margot Friedländer, Holocaust survivor
    • November 6 James Jones, American writer (d. 1977)
  • Tomiyama Taeko, Japanese visual artist (d. 2021)
• November 7  - János Horváth, Hungarian politician (d. 2019)
  • • November 8 Walter Mirisch, American film producer (d. 2023)
  • Gene Saks, American actor, film director (d. 2015)
  • Peter Spoden, German night fighter ace (d. 2021)
• November 13  - Joonas Kokkonen, Finnish composer (d. 1996)
• November 14  - Brian Keith, American actor (d. 1997)
• November 15
  • Jimmy Fitzmorris, American politician (d. 2021)
  • Alexander Jefferson, American Air Force officer (d. 2022)
• November 17  - Ofelia Guilmáin, Mexican actress (d. 2005)
• November 18  - George Nagobads, American physician (d. 2023)
• November 19
  • Michel Bonnevie, French Olympic basketball player (d. 2018)
  • Roy Campanella, American baseball player (Brooklyn Dodgers), member of the MLB Hall of Fame (d. 1993)
• November 20  - Allen Dines, American politician (d. 2020)
• November 21  - Billie Mae Richards, Canadian actress, singer (d. 2010)
• November 22 – Rodney Dangerfield, American actor and comedian (d. 2004)^[159]
  • • November 23 Fred Buscaglione, Italian singer and actor (d. 1960)
  • Lois North, American politician
• November 24  - John Lindsay, American lawyer and politician, Mayor of New York City (d. 2000)
  • • November 25 Stanley Ho, Hong Kong-Macanese businessman and philanthropist (d. 2020)
  • Johnny Johnson, English RAF officer (d. 2022)
    • November 26 Tom Felleghy, Hungarian-born Italian actor (d. 2005)
  • Françoise Gilot, French painter, critic and author (d. 2023)
    • November 27 Alexander Dubček, Slovak politician, First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia (d. 1992)^[160]
  • James Kinnier Wilson, English assyriologist (d. 2022)

December

• December 2  - Carlo Furno, Italian cardinal (d. 2015)^[161]
  • • December 3 Phyllis Curtin, American soprano (d. 2016)^[162]
  • Sonja Morawetz Sinclair, Canadian journalist, author and cryptographer (d. 2024)
  • Madiha Yousri, Egyptian actress (d. 2018)
    • December 4 Deanna Durbin, Canadian singer (d. 2013)^[163]
  • Sanford K. Moats, American Air Force general (d. 2023)
• December 5  - Arnljot Strømme Svendsen, Norwegian economist and politician (d. 2022)
• December 6  - Otto Graham, American football player (d. 2003)
• December 7  - Eric Blackwood, Canadian-English aviator (d. 2007)
  • • December 10 Toh Chin Chye, Singaporean politician (d. 2012)
  • Howard Fredeen, Canadian animal breeding researcher (d. 2021)
  • Herbert Wahler, German Nazi war criminal
• December 12  - Ira Neimark, American businessman and author (d. 2019)
• December 13  - Elda Cividino, Italian gymnast (d. 2014)
• December 14
  • Simon Towneley, English author (d. 2022)
  • Charley Trippi, American football player (d. 2022)
• December 15
  • Alan Freed, American disc jockey, known for introducing rock and roll to mainstream radio (d. 1965)^[164]
  • Nikolai Lebedev, Soviet-Russian actor (d. 2022)
• December 17  - Anne Golon, French writer (d. 2017)
• December 18  - Yuri Nikulin, Soviet/Russian actor, clown (d. 1997)
• December 19  - Blaže Koneski, Macedonian poet, linguist (d. 1993)
  • • December 20 Ali Kandil, Egyptian football referee
  • Gayraud Wilmore, American historian, theologian and educator (d. 2020)^[165]
• December 21  - Luigi Creatore, American songwriter, record producer (d. 2015)^[166]
• December 22  - Maurice Girardot, French Olympic basketball player (d. 2016)
  • • December 24 "Bullet" Bill Dudley, National Football League MVP 1946, Pro Football Hall of Fame 1966 (d. 2010)
  • Allan Edwards, Australian cricketer (d. 2019)
  • Francisco Pires, Portuguese footballer
    • December 26 Steve Allen, American actor, composer, comedian, and author (d. 2000)^[167]
  • John Severin, American humorous, war and western cartoonist (Mad Comics, Cracked) (d. 2012)
    • December 28 E. S. Campbell, American marine and author (d. 2020)
  • Philippe de Gaulle, French admiral and senator (d. 2024)
• December 29  - Ronald Ernest Aitchison, Scottish footballer (d. 1996)
• December 30  - Rashid Karami, 8-time prime minister of Lebanon (d. 1987)^[168]
• December 31  - Maurice Yaméogo, President of Upper Volta (d. 1993)^[169]

Deaths

January - February

• January 1  - Theobald von Bethmann Hollweg, 5th Chancellor of Germany (b. 1856)
• January 12  - Gervase Elwes, English tenor (b. 1866)
• January 18  - Adolf von Hildebrand, German sculptor (b. 1847)
• January 23  - Heinrich Wilhelm Gottfried von Waldeyer-Hartz, German anatomist (b. 1836)
• January 25  - William Thompson Sedgwick, American teacher, epidemiologist and bacteriologist (b. 1855)
• January 27  - Justiniano Borgoño, 37th Prime Minister of Peru (b. 1836)
• January 29  - H. G. Haugan, Norwegian-born American railroad, banking executive (b. 1840)
• February 2
  • Andrea Carlo Ferrari, Italian Catholic cardinal and blessed (b. 1850)
  • Antonio Jacobsen, American maritime artist (b. 1850)
• February 8
  • George Formby Sr, English entertainer (tuberculosis; b. 1876)^[170]
  • Peter Kropotkin, Russian anarchist (b. 1842)^[171]
• February 22  - Ernst Gunther, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein (b. 1863)
• February 26  - Carl Menger, Austrian economist (b. 1840)
• February 27  - Schofield Haigh, English cricketer (b. 1871)

March - April

• March 1  - Nicholas I of Montenegro, exiled king (b. 1841)^[172]
• March 2  - Champ Clark, American politician (b. 1850)
• March 3  - Auguste Mercier, French general, politician (b. 1833)
• March 8  - Eduardo Dato, Spanish politician, 3-time Prime Minister of Spain (b. 1856) (assassinated)^[173]
• March 15  - Talaat Pasha, Ottoman Turkish ruler, initiator of the Armenian Genocide (b. 1874) (assassinated)
• March 22  - Edward Theodore Compton, English-German painter and mountain climber (b. 1849)
• March 29  - John Burroughs, American naturalist, essayist (b. 1837)
• April 1  - Sir Edmund Poë, British admiral (b. 1849)
• April 2  - Charles Blackader, British general (b. 1869)
• April 4  - James H. Jones, American coachman and confidential courier for Jefferson Davis and later a North Carolina local public official^[174]
• April 11  - Augusta Victoria of Schleswig-Holstein, last German Empress, wife of Wilhelm II, German Emperor (b. 1858)^[175]
• April 17  - Manwel Dimech, Maltese philosopher, social reformer (b. 1860)
• April 20  - Tony Jackson, American jazz musician (b. 1882)^[176]
• April 24  - Warington Baden-Powell, British admiralty lawyer (b. 1847)
• April 29  - Arthur Mold, English cricketer (b. 1863)^[177]

May - June

• May 5  - Alfred Hermann Fried, Austrian writer, pacifist and recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (b. 1864)
• May 9  - William Henry Chamberlin, American philosopher (b. 1870)
• May 12
  • Sir Melville Macnaghten, British police officer (b. 1853)
  • Emilia Pardo Bazán, Spanish writer (b. 1851)
  • Rudolf Stöger-Steiner von Steinstätten, Austro-Hungarian general and politician (b. 1861)
• May 19
  • Edward Douglass White, 9th Chief Justice of the United States (b. 1845)
  • Michael Llewelyn Davies, one of the "Lost Boys" for the Peter Pan book (b. 1900)
    • May 25 Émile Combes, French statesman, 69th Prime Minister of France (b. 1835)
  • Sir Arthur Wilson, British admiral of the fleet (b. 1842)
• May 29  - Euthymios (Agritellis), Greek Orthodox bishop and saint. (b. 1876)
• May 31 - June 1  - A.C. Jackson, African-American surgeon^[178]
• June 5  - Georges Feydeau, French playwright (b. 1862)
• June 11  - Patriarch Leonid of Georgia (b. 1860)
  • • June 18 Eduardo Acevedo Díaz, Uruguayan writer (b. 1851)^[179]
  • Abdul Awwal Jaunpuri, Indian Islamic scholar and author (b. 1867)^[180]
• June 28  - Gyorche Petrov, Macedonian, Bulgarian revolutionary (b. 1865) (assassinated)
• June 29
  • Lady Randolph Churchill, mother of Winston Churchill (b. 1854)^[181]
  • Otto Seeck, German classical historian (b. 1850)

July - August

• July 1  - Maurice Bailloud, French general (b. 1847)
• July 3  - Prince Philipp of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (b. 1844)
• July 13  - Gabriel Lippmann, Luxembourger-French physicist, academic and Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1845)
• July 22 – Manuel Fernández Silvestre, Spanish general (killed in action or suicide) (b. 1871)
• July 26  - Howard Vernon, Australian actor (b. 1848)
• August 2  - Enrico Caruso, Italian tenor (b. 1873)
• August 7  - Alexander Blok, Russian poet (b. 1880)
  • • August 8 Juhani Aho, Finnish author and journalist (b. 1861)^[182]
  • Maria Anna Rosa Caiani, Italian Roman Catholic nun and blessed (b. 1863)
• August 16  - Peter I of Serbia, King of Yugoslavia (b. 1844)
  • • August 26 Matthias Erzberger, German politician (assassinated; b. 1875)^[183]
  • Sándor Wekerle, 3-time prime minister of Hungary (b. 1848)
• August 31  - Karl von Bülow, German field marshal (b. 1846)^[184]

September - October

• September 7  - Maria Angela Picco, Italian Roman Catholic religious professed and blessed (b. 1867)
• September 9  - Virginia Rappe, American model, actress (b. 1891)
• September 10  - John Tengo Jabavu, editor of South Africa's first newspaper in Xhosa (b. 1859)
  • • September 11 Prince Louis of Battenberg, British naval officer, German prince (b. 1854)
  • Subramania Bharati, Tamil poet (b. 1882)
• September 22  - Ivan Vazov, Bulgarian poet (b. 1850)
• September 27  - Engelbert Humperdinck, German composer (b. 1854)
• October 1  - Julius von Hann, Austrian meteorologist (b. 1839)
• October 2  - King William II of Württemberg (b. 1848)
• October 12  - Philander C. Knox, American politician (b. 1853)^[185]
• October 15  - Haydar Khan Amo-oghli, Iranian revolutionary (b. 1860)
• October 17  - Yaa Asantewaa, Asante warrior queen (b. c. 1840)
• October 18  - Ludwig III of Bavaria, last king of Bavaria (b. 1845)^[186]
• October 21  - William Wallace Wotherspoon, American general (b. 1850)
• October 23  - John Boyd Dunlop, British-born Irish inventor, veterinary surgeon (b. 1840)
• October 25  - Bat Masterson, American gunfighter (b. 1853)
• October 28  - William Speirs Bruce, British marine biologist and antarctic explorer (b. 1867)

November - December

• November 4  - Hara Takashi, Japanese politician, 10th Prime Minister of Japan (b. 1856) (assassinated)
• November 7  - Peter Conover Hains, major general in the United States Army, and veteran of the American Civil War, Spanish–American War, and First World War (b. 1840)
• November 12  - Fernand Khnopff, Belgian painter (b. 1858)
• November 13  - Ignác Goldziher, Hungarian orientalist (b. 1850)
• November 14  - Isabel, Princess Imperial of Brazil, daughter of Emperor Pedro II of Brazil (b. 1846)
• November 20  - Christina Nilsson, Swedish operatic soprano (b. 1843)
• November 22  - Edward J. Adams, American serial/spree killer and bank robber (b.1887)^[187]
  • • November 26 Émile Cartailhac, French prehistorian (b. 1845)
  • Charles W. Whittlesey, United States Army officer, commander of the "Lost Battalion" in World War I (suicide) (b. 1884)^[188]
• November 27  - Sir Douglas Cameron, Canadian politician, Lieutenant Governor of Manitoba (b. 1854)
• November 28  - `Abdu'l-Bahá, head of the Baháʼí Faith (b. 1844)^[189]
• November 29  - George Stephen, 1st Baron Mount Stephen, Canadian businessman (b. 1829)
  • • November 30 Madeleine Brès, French physician (b. 1842)
  • Hermann Schwarz, German mathematician (b. 1843)^[190]
• December 10  - George Ashlin, Irish architect (b. 1837)
• December 12  - Henrietta Swan Leavitt, American astronomer (b. 1868)
• December 16  - Camille Saint-Saëns, French composer (b. 1835)
• December 20
  • Hans Hartwig von Beseler, German general (b. 1850)
  • Dmitri Parsky, Russian general (b. 1866)
  • Julius Richard Petri, German microbiologist (b. 1852)
• December 24  - Misu Sōtarō, Japanese admiral (b. 1855)

Nobel Prizes

• Physics  - Albert Einstein
• Chemistry  - Frederick Soddy
• Medicine  - (not awarded)
• Literature  - Anatole France
• Peace  - Karl Hjalmar Branting, Christian Lous Lange

Sources

• New International Year Book: 1921 (1922) online edition
• 1921 Aviation Comes North- NWT Historical Timeline- A Prince of Wales Northern Heritage Centre Online Exhibit

Notes and References

1. Book: Alex Bellos. Futebol: The Brazilian Way of Life - Updated Edition. 1 January 2014. A&C Black. 978-1-4088-5416-7. 408–.
2. Santa Isabel disaster . 5 January 1921 . 9 . 42610 . C .
3. Book: Yeshayahu A. Jelinek. Yešaʻyāhû Yelîneq. Yeshayahu Jelinek. The Lust for Power: Nationalism, Slovakia, and the Communists, 1918-1948. 1983. East European Monographs. 978-0-88033-019-0. 7.
4. Book: Steinmeyer, Jim. Jim Steinmeyer

   . Jim Steinmeyer. Hiding the Elephant: How Magicians Invented the Impossible. Random House. 2003. 277–295.

5. Book: Stephen Courtney. Brian Patterson. Home of the Fleet: A Century of Portsmouth Royal Dockyard in Photographs. 10 March 2009. History Press. 978-0-7509-5653-6. 56.
6. Book: J. Paxton. The Statesman's Year-Book 1974-75: The Encyclopaedia for the Businessman-of-the-World. 23 December 2016. Springer. 978-0-230-27103-6. 1428.
7. Book: Czechoslovak Life. 1981. Orbis. 14.
8. Book: Cosroe Chaquèri. The Soviet Socialist Republic of Iran, 1920-1921: Birth of the Trauma. 1995. University of Pittsburgh Press. 978-0-8229-3792-0. 307.
9. Book: The New international year book. 1922. 685.
10. Book: F. J. Ferdinand Joseph Maria Feldbrugge. Gerard Pieter Van den Berg. William Bradford Simons. Encyclopedia of Soviet Law. 26 April 1985. Brill. 90-247-3075-9. 464.
11. Book: To the Masses: Proceedings of the Third Congress of the Communist International, 1921. 13 February 2015. BRILL. 978-90-04-28803-4. 59.
12. Book: Soviet Life. 1970. Embassy of the Union of the Soviet Socialist Republics in the USA. 5.
13. Book: Graeme Donald Snooks. Depression and Recovery in Western Australia, 1928/29-1938/39: A Study in Cyclical and Structural Change. 1974. University of Western Australia Press. 978-0-85564-076-7. 54.
14. Book: John A. Morello. Selling the President, 1920: Albert D. Lasker, Advertising, and the Election of Warren G. Harding. 2001. Greenwood Publishing Group. 978-0-275-97030-7. 13.
15. Book: Padraic O'Farrell. Who's who in the Irish War of Independence, 1916-1921. 1980. Mercier Press. 40.
16. News: March 7, 1921 . PENALTIES TO BE PUT INTO EFFECT . Glendale Daily Press . 1.
17. Web site: League of Nations - Chronology 1921. December 31, 2020. December 13, 2010. https://web.archive.org/web/20101213062958/http://www.indiana.edu/~league/1921.htm. dead.
18. Book: May Moran. Executed for Ireland:The Patrick Moran Story. 1 July 2010. Mercier Press Ltd. 978-1-78117-117-2. 289.
19. Book: Paul F. Robinson. Paul Robinson. The White Russian Army in Exile, 1920-1941. 2002. Clarendon Press. 978-0-19-925021-9. 60.
20. Book: Audrey Leathard. The Fight for Family Planning: The Development of Family Planning Services in Britain, 1921-74. 1980. Macmillan. 978-0-333-25954-2. 1.
21. "Army Ready For Silesian Plebiscite Today", The New York Times, March 20, 1921, p1
22. Web site: Build-up to the General Strike. Modern Records Centre, University of Warwick. Coventry. 2019-08-13. 2020-08-22.
23. Book: Century of Struggle. 39. https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://num.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/Century-of-Struggle-Mini.pdf . 2022-10-09 . live. 2020-08-22.
24. Book: ʻAbd al-Salām Majālī. Jawad Ahmed Anani. Munther J. Haddadin. Peacemaking: The Inside Story of the 1994 Jordanian-Israeli Treaty. 2006. University of Oklahoma Press. 978-0-8061-3765-0. 1.
25. Book: Gerald Gould. The Lesson of Black Friday (ie April 15 1921). 1921. World Microfilms.
26. Book: Lee Kovacs. The Haunted Screen: Ghosts in Literature and Film. 7 November 2005. McFarland. 978-0-7864-2605-8. 107.
27. [Alvin Jackson (historian)|Alvin Jackson]
28. Book: Papleux, Sandrine. Coco Chanel: Une couturière à contre-courant. 50 Minutes. 2016. 9782806274458. 26.
29. It is estimated that between 1,000 and 2,000 people actually attended the match; Manchester United F.C. had played a home game at the venue immediately beforehand, and some of the spectators for that match had stayed on to watch the Stockport match for free. However, only thirteen people paid at the gate to watch the Stockport match by itself. Web site: Two grounds have doubled up on staging League matches on the same day. footballsite.co.uk. 2012-05-08. https://web.archive.org/web/20130731080311/http://www.footballsite.co.uk/Statistics/Articles/GroundsDoupleUp.htm. July 31, 2013. dead.
30. Book: Foy, Michael T.. Michael Collins's Intelligence War. 2006. 0-7509-4267-3. 214–218. Sutton .
31. Book: Great Britain. Parliament. House of Commons. Select Committee on Capital Punishment. Report from the Select Committee on Capital Punishment Together with the Proceedings of the Committee, and the Minutes of Evidence: Taken Before the Select Committee on Capital Punishment in 1929-1930. 1931. H.M. Stationery Office. 604.
32. Book: Mamoulia, Georges. Les combats indépendantistes des Caucasiens, entre URSS et puissances occidentales: le cas de la Géorgie, 1921-1945. Harmattan. 2009. 9782296094765. 46.
33. Book: Beauchet, Patrick. Ma vie à bord des cargos et cargos mixtes de la Compagnie Générale Transatlantique. Société des Ecrivains. 2015. 9782342038651. 209.
34. Web site: Women in History: Bessie Coleman. Onkst. David H.. 2016. Natural Resources Conservation Service Nevada. November 20, 2020. February 16, 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160216203428/http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/detail/nv/about/?cid=nrcs144p2_037528. dead.
35. Book: Unesco. The Unesco Courier. 1964. UNESCO. 11.
36. News: Harding Ends War; Signs Peace Decree at Senator's Home. Thirty Persons Witness Momentous Act in Frelinghuysen Living Room at Raritan.. The New York Times. 3 July 1921.
37. Book: Nandana Karuṇānāyaka. Radio Broadcasting in Sri Lanka: Significant Dates & Events, 1921-1990. 1990. Centre for Media Policy Studies. 978-955-95226-0-7. 1928.
38. Book: Tobin, James. The Man He Became: How FDR Defied Polio to Win the Presidency. 2013. Simon & Schuster. 978-0743265164. 50-51.
39. Driggs. Laurence La Tourette. September 7, 1921. The Fall of the Airship. The Outlook. 129. 14–15. New York. 2009-07-30.
40. Book: Kinder, Chuck . Last Mountain Dancer: Hard-Earned Lessons in Love, Loss, and Honky-Tonk . 2005 . Da Capo Press . New York . 978-0-7867-1653-1 . 149.
41. News: White Castle marks 90th anniversary with one-day return to Wichita. Wichita Eagle. 2012-05-13. 2011-05-12. Beccy. Tanner. June 27, 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20140627195442/http://www.kansas.com/2011/05/12/1845732/buy-sliders-here-for-a-day.html. dead.
42. Book: Peter Bürger. "Voll bereit für die Neue Zeit": Deutschnationale, militaristische und NS-freundliche Dichtungen Christine Kochs 1920-1944. 6 March 2019. BoD – Books on Demand. 978-3-7494-0910-5. 52. de.
43. Book: Dieter Nohlen

    . Dieter Nohlen. Nohlen. D.. Stöver. P.. 2010. Elections in Europe: A data handbook. 1156–8. Nomos . 978-3-8329-5609-7.

44. Book: Williams, Hywel. Cassell's Chronology of World History. registration. London. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. 2005. 0-304-35730-8. 490–491.
45. Book: Paksoy, H. B.. Essays on Central Asia. Carrie/EUI. 1999. 286.
46. Book: Eric A. Stene. The Klamath Project. 1994. Bureau of Reclamation History Program. 20.
47. Book: Alan Bullock. Hitler and Stalin: Parallel Lives. 1998. Fontana Press. 978-0-00-686374-8. 84.
48. Book: Julia Hargrove. Tomb of the Unknowns. 1 March 2003. Lorenz Educational Press. 978-1-57310-405-0. 5.
49. Book: VÃctor Alba. The Communist Party in Spain. 1 January 1983. Transaction Publishers. 978-1-4128-1999-2. 63.
50. Book: Anna Elizabeth Rude. The Sheppard-Towner Act in Relation to Public Health. 1923. U.S. Government Printing Office. 1915.
51. Web site: Weimar Germany 1919-1933. Historyhome.co.uk. 2011-01-05. 2013-03-19.
52. Book: War, Revolution, and Peace in Russia: The Passages of Frank Golder, 1914–1927. April 26, 2023 . Hoover Press. 978-0-8179-9193-7. 89.
53. Web site: Gucci – 1920s. gucci.com/us. 2012-03-19. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20120413223114/http://www.gucci.com/us/worldofgucci/articles/history-1920. 2012-04-13.
54. Book: Alex Kayser. Andy Warhol. Artists' portraits. August 1981. H.N. Abrams. 9780810922228.
55. Web site: Cliff Bourland, America's oldest living gold medalist, dies at 97. February 2, 2018 . Chicago Tribune.
56. Web site: Faruqi, Ismail Raji al- (1986) . The Oxford Dictionary of Islam . Oxford Reference . 2024-07-04.
57. Web site: Jean-Louis Koszul. fr. Academie des sciences. 20 November 2020.
58. Book: E. J. Neather. Mastering German 2: German Language and Culture. 18 August 1989. Macmillan International Higher Education. 978-1-349-20133-4. 177.
59. Web site: Brittani . Barger . BREAKING: Grand Duke Jean of Luxembourg dies at the age of 98 . Royal Central . April 23, 2019 . April 23, 2019.
60. Book: Robert Slater. Great Jewish Women. 1994. Jonathan David Publishers. 978-0-8246-0370-0. 129.
61. Book: United States. Department of Commerce. From Lighthouses to Laserbeams: A History of the U.S. Department of Commerce, 1913-1988. 1988. U.S. Department of Commerce, Office of the Secretary. 75.
62. News: Small . Mike . Murray Bookchin . June 30, 2018 . The Guardian . August 8, 2006 . Obituary.
63. Book: Khan. Mohammad Asghar. Pakistan at the Cross Roads. 1969. Ferozsons. Lahore, Pakistan. en.
64. Book: Lars Brink. Lay Nam Chang. Moo-young Han. Kok Khoo Phua. Memorial Volume For Y. Nambu. 20 May 2016. World Scientific. 978-981-310-834-9. 37.
65. Book: Robin W. Winks. Maureen Corrigan. Mystery and Suspense Writers: The Literature of Crime, Detection, and Espionage. 1998. Scribner's Sons. 978-0-684-80519-1. 503.
66. Book: Jay Robert Nash. Encyclopedia of World Crime: S-Z; Supplements. 1989. CrimeBooks. 978-0-923582-04-3. 3016.
67. Volume 11 of Encyclopedia of World Biography, Gale Research, 1998, p. 49,
68. Web site: Veikko Uusimäki - Muistot. Helsingin Sanomat. subscription. 25 May 2008. 9 July 2023. fi.
69. Book: Brenda Scott Royce. Donna Reed: A Bio-bibliography. 1990. Greenwood Publishing Group. 978-0-313-26806-9. 1.
70. Web site: Biography of Mustafa Ben Halim. Al Mostakbal. ar. 7 December 2020.
71. Book: Roland L. Bessette. Mario Lanza. Mario Lanza: Tenor in Exile. 1999. Amadeus Press. 978-1-57467-044-8. 15.
72. News: Betty Friedan, who ignited cause in 'Feminine Mystique,' dies at 85 . Margalit . Fox . February 5, 2006 . . February 2, 2010.
73. Book: Lou Valentino. The Films of Lana Turner. 1976. Citadel Press. 978-0-8065-0553-4. 13.
74. Book: United States. United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Finance. Anticipated Nomination of Hon, Lloyd Bentsen: Hearing Before the Committee on Finance, United States Senate. 1993. U.S. Government Printing Office. 978-0-16-040767-3. 39.
75. Web site: City of Mississauga Celebrates Hazel McCallion Ahead of 100th Birthday . City of Mississauga . 9 February 2021 . en-CA . 8 February 2021.
76. Book: Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc.. Encyclopaedia Britannica Almanac 2010. 1 January 2010. Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc.. 978-1-61535-329-3. 80.
77. Book: Emmis Communications. Cincinnati Magazine. February 1992. Emmis Communications. 7.
78. Book: David Bleakley. Faulkner: Conflict and Consent in Irish Politics. 1974. Mowbrays. 978-0-264-66227-5. 13.
79. Book: Brian Titley. Dark Age: The Political Odyssey of Emperor Bokassa. 2002. McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP. 978-0-7735-2418-7. 7.
80. Book: Steve Knopper. MusicHound Swing!: The Essential Album Guide. 1999. Visible Ink Press. 978-1-57859-091-9. 1953.
81. Book: Georg Gaston. Jack Clayton: A Guide to References and Resources. 1981. G.K. Hall. 978-0-8161-8524-5. 1.
82. Book: Gale, Cengage Learning. A Study Guide for Richard Wilbur's "Merlin Enthralled". 2016. Gale, Cengage Learning. 978-1-4103-5258-3. 4.
83. Book: John A. Willis. Theatre World. 1957. Crown Publishing Company. 210.
84. Book: Who's who in the West. 2002. Marquis-Who's Who.. 978-0-8379-0933-2. 261.
85. Web site: Giovanni Agnelli. 24 January 2003. Jon Glover. The Guardian. 8 December 2020.
86. News: Folkart . Burt A. . January 24, 1986 . Gordon MacRae, Star of 'Oklahoma,' Dies at 64 . Los Angeles Times . Los Angeles, CA . November 25, 2018 .
87. Book: J. Ben Hirsh. Jewish General Officers: A Biographical Dictionary. 1967. Victorian Branch, Military Historical Society of Australia. 16.
88. Book: Service, Robert. Robert Service (historian). 2010. Stalin: A Biography. Pan Books. London. 978-0-330-51837-6. 232.
89. Web site: 100. rocznica urodzin ks. Franciszka Blachnickiego . www.gov.pl/web/edukacja-i-nauka/ . Ministerstwo Edukacji i Nauki . 22 June 2021 . pl . Ks. Franciszek Blachnicki urodził się 24 marca 1921 r. w Rybniku..
90. Book: Current Biography Yearbook. 1960. H. W. Wilson Company. 381.
91. News: Tomlinson . Richard . Obituary: Queen Alexandra of Yugoslavia . https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220501/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/obituary-queen-alexandra-of-yugoslavia-1470477.html . May 1, 2022 . subscription . live . 9 February 2021 . The Independent . 22 October 2011 . en.
92. Book: Jay L. Halio. British Novelists Since 1960. 1983. Gale Research. 978-0-8103-0927-2. 103.
93. Book: Colin Larkin. The Virgin Encyclopedia of Country Music. 1998. Virgin. 978-0-7535-0236-5. 393.
94. Book: Evelyn Mack Truitt. Who was who on Screen. 1977. Bowker. 978-0-8352-0914-4. 332.
95. News: Risen . Clay . Robina Asti, Who Made History on the Ground and in the Air, Dies at 99 . March 24, 2021 . The New York Times . March 21, 2021.
96. News: Franco Corelli, Italian Tenor of Power and Charisma, and Pillar of the Met, Dies at 82. The New York Times. Anthony Tommasini. October 30, 2003. May 16, 2009.
97. Book: Blair Imani. Modern HERstory: Stories of Women and Nonbinary People Rewriting History. 16 October 2018. Potter/Ten Speed/Harmony/Rodale. 978-0-399-58224-0. 27.
98. Book: Henryk Hoffmann. "A" Western Filmmakers: A Biographical Dictionary of Writers, Directors, Cinematographers, Composers, Actors and Actresses. 2000. McFarland. 978-0-7864-0696-8. 283.
99. Book: ((Editors of Chase's)). Chase's Calendar of Events 2021: The Ultimate Go-to Guide for Special Days, Weeks and Months. 27 October 2020. Rowman & Littlefield. 978-1-64143-424-9. 55.
100. Book: Houts, Cathérine van . Karel Appel : de biografie . 2003 . Olympus. Amsterdam . 978-90-254-1913-4 . 13 . nl.
101. Robinson, Sugar Ray, and Anderson, Dave. Sugar Ray, London: Da Capo Press, 1994 page 7
102. Book: Stephen Gamble. William C. Lynch. Dennis Brain: A Life in Music. 2011. University of North Texas Press. 978-1-57441-307-6. 1.
103. Book: Gordon J. A. Burgess. Gordon J. A.. Burgess. The Life and Works of Wolfgang Borchert. 2003. Camden House. 978-1-57113-270-3. 9.
104. Web site: Andrei Sakharov - Facts. Nobel Prize. 24 November 2020.
105. Book: Bloom, Harold. Science Fiction Writers of the Golden Age. Jun 1995. Chelsea House. 9780791021996. New York. 63. James Blish. https://archive.org/details/sciencefictwrotg00haro/page/63.
106. News: Hoerburger. Rob. Hal David, Songwriter, Is Dead at 91. 1 September 2012. The New York Times. 1 September 2012.
107. Book: Deborah Andrews. Annual Obituary, 1991. 1992. St. James Press. 978-1-55862-175-6. 299.
108. Book: John Sandford. Encyclopedia of Contemporary German Culture. 3 April 2013. Routledge. 978-1-136-81603-1. 351.
109. Book: Great South Africans: The Great Debate. 2004. Penguin Books. 978-0-14-302461-3. 235.
110. Book: Joseph Murrells. The Book of Golden Discs. registration. 1978. Barrie and Jenkins. 978-0-214-20480-7.
111. Book: R. E. Elson. Robert Edward Elson. Suharto: A Political Biography. 13 November 2001. Cambridge University Press. 978-0-521-77326-3. 1.
112. [Gyles Brandreth|Brandreth, Gyles]
113. Web site: Johannes Witteveen: Economist who bailed out Britain and made the IMF relevant. https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220501/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/johannes-witteveen-death-holland-economist-politics-finance-imf-dead-a8905001.html . May 1, 2022 . subscription . live. 13 May 2019. Harrison Smith. The Independent. 22 November 2019.
114. Louis Jourdan Takes on the Chevalier Role in Gigi and Proves He Remembers It Well. People. 14 January 1985. 23. 2. David. Hutchings. 18 April 2014. April 19, 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20140419013731/http://www.people.com/people/archive/article/0,,20089688,00.html. dead.
115. Book: Amazons to Fighter Pilots - A Biographical Dictionary of Military Women (Volume One). Reina. Pennington. Greenwood Publishing Group, Inc.. 2003. 0-313-32707-6. Westport, Connecticut. 167.
116. Book: S. M. Gabatshwane. Seretse Khama and Botswana. 1966. J.G. Mmusi. 8.
117. News: Nancy Reagan, Former First Lady, Dies at 94. Percha. Julie. ABC News. March 6, 2016. March 6, 2016.
118. Book: Eli Coleman. John Money: A Tribute. 1991. Psychology Press. 978-1-56024-190-4. 9.
119. News: Eunice Kennedy Shriver, Influential Founder of Special Olympics, Dies at 88. Carla. Baranauckas. August 11, 2009. The New York Times.
120. Web site: Petter Hugsted. Olympic.org. 30 November 2020.
121. Book: Harris M. Lentz. Obituaries in the performing arts, 2005: film, television, radio, theatre, dance, music, cartoons and pop culture. 2006. McFarland & Company. 978-0-7864-2489-4. 389.
122. News: Obituary: Ernest Gold . https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220501/https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/obituary-ernest-gold-1083951.html . May 1, 2022 . subscription . live. . 1999-03-30. 2013-12-17.
123. R. Natov, Leon Garfield (New York: Twayne Publishers, 1994) Page 5
124. Green. Malcolm L. H.. Malcolm Green (chemist). Cummins. Christopher C.. Kronauge. James F.. Alan Davison. 24 March 1936 – 14 November 2015. Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society. 63. 197–213. 2017. 0080-4606. 10.1098/rsbm.2017.0004. free.
125. Book: Smith, Vicki. Collard, Patrizia. Nicolson, Paula. Key Concepts In Counselling And Psychotherapy: A Critical A-Z Guide To Theory: A critical A-Z guide to theory. 1 May 2012. McGraw-Hill Education (UK). 978-0-335-24221-4. 21.
126. Book: Henryk Hoffmann. "A" Western Filmmakers: A Biographical Dictionary of Writers, Directors, Cinematographers, Composers, Actors and Actresses. 2000. McFarland. 978-0-7864-0696-8. 300.
127. News: T. Rees Shapiro. Jack Kramer, 88, Dies; Wimbledon Champion Helped Found Tennis Pro Organization. The Washington Post. September 14, 2009.
128. Book: Constance Valis Hill. Tap Dancing America: A Cultural History. 12 November 2014. Oxford University Press. 978-0-19-022538-4. 144.
129. News: Esther Williams. The Telegraph. June 6, 2013. May 10, 2014.
130. Web site: Alex Haley, (1921–1992) . Linda T. . Wynn . Tennessee State University Library . https://web.archive.org/web/20040803170852/http://www.tnstate.edu/library/digital/Haley.htm . August 3, 2004 . dead. 2013-10-07.
131. Book: Alexander, David . 1995 . Star Trek Creator: The Authorized Biography of Gene Roddenberry . Roc . New York . 0-451-45440-5 . alexander1995 . 15–17 .
132. Book: John R. Shook. Dictionary of Modern American Philosophers. 1 January 2005. A&C Black. 978-1-84371-037-0. 93.
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