1919 in Ireland explained

Events from the year 1919 in Ireland.

Events

• 21 January
  • Dáil Éireann met for the first time in the Round Room of the Mansion House, Dublin. It comprised Sinn Féin party members elected in the 1918 general election who, in accordance with their manifesto, did not take their seats in the Parliament of the United Kingdom but chose to declare an independent Irish Republic.
  • In the first shots of the Irish War of Independence, two Royal Irish Constabulary (RIC) members were killed by Volunteers of the Third Tipperary Brigade in the Soloheadbeg Ambush in County Tipperary.^[1]
• 27 January – A general strike call over working hours was led by engineering workers in Glasgow and Belfast;^[2] in Belfast the strike collapsed after a month.
• 3 February – Éamon de Valera, the leader of Sinn Féin, John Milroy and John McGarry escaped from Lincoln Prison in England in a break arranged by Sinn Féin members including Michael Collins and Harry Boland.^[3]
• 1 April – Fifty-two members of Sinn Féin attended the second meeting of Dáil Éireann. Seán T. O'Kelly was elected Irish: [[Ceann Comhairle]] and Éamon de Valera was elected President of Dáil Éireann.
• 2 April – Constance Markievicz was appointed Minister for Labour, becoming the first Irish female cabinet minister (the only one for sixty years) and the first in Western Europe.^[4]
• 15–19 April – "Limerick Soviet": A general strike was called by the Limerick Trades and Labour Council as a protest against the declaration of a "Special Military Area" under the Defence of the Realm Act covering of most of the city of Limerick and its surroundings.
• 18 April – A thousand delegates from all over Ireland attended the Sinn Féin ardfheis (party conference) in Dublin. Éamon de Valera was elected President of the organisation.
• 19 April – Sinn Féin proposed an Executive Council of the Irish National Alliance to challenge the right of any foreign parliament to make laws for Ireland.
• 13 May – Two Royal Irish Constabulary members were killed and Irish Republican Army volunteers Dan Breen and Seán Treacy were wounded while rescuing Seán Hogan from a guarded train carriage at Knocklong, County Limerick.^[5]
• 17 May – The first Republican law court was set up, at Ballinrobe, County Mayo.^[6]
• 14 June – John Alcock and Arthur Brown completed the first non-stop transatlantic flight when they landed near Clifden, County Galway at 8.40am, having flown 1,900 miles from St. John's in Newfoundland in 16 hours.^{[7] [8]}
• 18 June – The Dáil established the National Arbitration Courts.^[9]
• 30 July – The first assassination of a Royal Irish Constabulary officer was carried out by Irish Republican Army unit The Squad, newly formed under the orders of Michael Collins, when Detective Sergeant Pat "the Dog" Smyth of G division was shot near Drumcondra, Dublin.^[10]
• 12 August – St Colman's Cathedral, Cobh, was consecrated.
• 8 September – "The sack of Fermoy": Drunken British forces rampaged through Fermoy following an inquest on the death of a British soldier which failed to find for murder.^[11]
• 12 September – Dáil Éireann was declared illegal by the British authorities.^[10] There were raids on Sinn Féin centres and Ernest Blythe was arrested.
• 4 November – The British Cabinet's Irish Committee settled on a policy of creating two Home Rule parliaments – one in Dublin and one in Belfast – with a Council of Ireland to provide a framework for possible unity.^[12]
• 12 November – Mitchelstown Creameries, predecessor of Dairygold, opened for business as a co-operative.^[13]
• 19 December – Irish Volunteers from Dublin and Tipperary under the leadership of Paddy Daly ambushed Lord French's motorcade of three cars at Ashtown Road in Dublin. Lord French was the British Viceroy, Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, and Supreme Commander of the British Army in Ireland. While three of French's party – two RIC officers and a driver – were wounded, French got through unharmed. Volunteer Martin Savage was killed and Dan Breen was wounded.^[14]
• 23 December – The Irish Land (Provision for Soldiers and Sailors) Act was passed by the Parliament of the United Kingdom, empowering the Irish Land Commission to provide housing for any men who had served in the British forces.

Undated:

• Yitzhak HaLevi Herzog, previously Chief Rabbi of Belfast, was appointed to serve in Dublin.
• Harry Gallagher and Eileen Gallagher established Urney Chocolates from their home in Urney, County Tyrone.^[15]
• An early 16th century^[16] stone effigy of chain-mailed knight Sir Thomas FitzEustace was brought from Old Kilcullen to St. John's Church, Ballymore Eustace^[17] for safe-keeping.

Arts and literature

• October – W. B. Yeats travelled to the United States and began a lecture tour lasting until May 1920.^[18] In this year also, Yeats published a major revision of The Wild Swans at Coole (including "An Irish Airman Foresees His Death", "The Phases of the Moon", "The Scholars", and "On being asked for a War Poem"),^[19] Two Plays for Dancers and "A Prayer for My Daughter".^[20]
• Ina Boyle's orchestral rhapsody The Magic Harp was premiered.
• Harry Clarke's illustrations to an edition of Tales of Mystery & Imagination were published.
• Francis Ledwidge's Complete Poems were published posthumously, edited by Lord Dunsany.
• C. S. Lewis, writing as Clive Hamilton, published Spirits in Bondage: a cycle of lyrics, his first published work, in London.
• Seumas O'Kelly's novella The Golden Barque and The Weaver's Grave were published posthumously.
• Pádraig Ó Siochfhradha, writing as ("The Hawk"), published his semi-autobiographical comic story .^[21]

Sport

Association football

Irish League

Winners: Belfast Celtic

Irish Cup

Winners: Linfield 2–1 Glentoran

International matches

25 October Ireland 1–1 England (in Belfast)^[22]

Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA) sports

All Ireland Senior Hurling Final

Cork 6–4 d Dublin 2–4

All Ireland Senior Football Final

Kildare 2–5 d Galway 0–1

Births

• 26 January – Tom Aherne, association football player (died 1999).
• 30 January – Robert Lowry, Baron Lowry, Lord Chief Justice of Northern Ireland (died 1999).
• 23 February – Johnny Carey, association football player and manager (died 1995).
• 18 March – G. E. M. Anscombe, analytic philosopher (died 2001).
• 3 April – Myles McKeon, Roman Catholic Bishop of Bunbury, Australia (died 2016).
• 3 April – Eoghan Ó Tuairisc, poet and writer (died 1982).
• 9 April – Gordon Lambert, art collector, member of the Seanad (died 2005).
• 1 May – Dan O'Herlihy, actor (died 2005).
• 5 May – Séamus Ennis, uilleann piper, singer and folk-song collector (died 1982).
• 9 May – Joseph Bermingham, Irish Labour Party teachta dála (TD) (died 1995).
• 9 May – Anne Yeats, painter and stage designer (died 2001).
• 8 June – Constantine Fitzgibbon, historian and novelist (died 1983).
• 10 June – Kevin O'Flanagan, physician, rugby and association football player, and Olympic official (died 2006).
• 7 July – Fred Kiernan, association football player (died 1981).
• 15 July – Iris Murdoch, novelist and philosopher (died 1999).
• 21 July – Roderick Gill, cricketer (died 1983).
• 1 August – Dave Creedon, Cork hurler (died 2007).
• 15 August – Benedict Kiely, writer, broadcaster and journalist (died 2007).
• 15 September – Michael ffrench-O'Carroll, Independent TD and senator (died 2007).
• 2 October – Seán 'ac Dhonncha, traditional singer (died 1996).
• 25 October – Jimmy Rudd, association football player (died 1985).
• 27 October – James Joseph Magennis, British Royal Navy submariner awarded the Victoria Cross for taking part in Operation Struggle in 1945 (died 1986).
• 1 November – Gerard Slevin, Chief Herald of Ireland (died 1997).
• 5 November – Seamus Twomey, twice chief of staff of the Provisional Irish Republican Army (died 1989).
• 15 November – Tony Reddin, Tipperary hurler (died 2015).
• 11 December – Digby McLaren, geologist and palaeontologist in Canada (died 2004).

Full date unknown:

• Vivian Mercier, literary critic (died 1989).

• J. J. O'Reilly, Cavan Gaelic footballer (died 1952).

Deaths

• 9 January – John Danaher, soldier, recipient of the Victoria Cross for gallantry in 1881 near Pretoria, South Africa (born 1860).
• 13 February – William Temple, recipient of the Victoria Cross for gallantry in 1863 at Rangiriri, New Zealand (born 1833).
• 21 February – John O'Connor Power, Irish Nationalist politician and member of parliament (born 1846).
• 6 March – Pierce McCan, member of 1st Dáil representing Tipperary East.
• 20 March – William Hone, cricketer (born 1842).
• 30 April – John Pentland Mahaffy, classicist (born 1839).
• 8 June – Coslett Herbert Waddell, priest and botanist (born 1858).
• 25 June – William Martin Murphy, Nationalist (Irish Parliamentary Party) member of parliament, newspaper proprietor, leader of employer's syndicate in the Dublin Lockout of 1913 (born 1844).
• 25 July – Samuel McCaughey, pastoralist, politician and philanthropist in Australia (born 1835).
• 5 September – Joseph Ivess, member of the New Zealand House of Representatives (born 1844).
• 31 December – Con Lehane, socialist; active in the Irish Socialist Republican Party, the Social Democratic Federation, and the Socialist Party of Great Britain (born 1877).

Full date unknown

• Patrick Egan, treasurer of the Irish Land League, fled to the United States, United States Minister to Chile (born 1841).

Notes and References

1. Web site: Gearing up for war: Soloheadbeg 1919. Aengus. Ó Snodaigh. An Phoblacht. 1999-01-21.
2. Book: Webb, Simon. 1919: Britain's year of revolution. Barnsley. Pen & Sword. 2016. 978-1-47386-286-9.
3. http://thelincolnite.co.uk/2013/03/the-greatest-escape-from-lincoln-prison/ The Great escape form Lincoln Prison
4. Book: Ward, Margaret. Unmanageable Revolutionaries: Women and Irish Nationalism. 1983. Pluto Press. London. 137. 0-86104-700-1.
5. Ryan, Desmond (1945). Sean Treacy and the Third Tipperary Brigade I.R.A
6. Book: Macardle, Dorothy. The Irish Republic. London. Gollancz. 1937. 3rd (Left Book Club). 362.
7. Web site: Alcock and Brown: Those magnificent men who landed their flying machine in a Galway bog . Pope . Conor . 2019-06-08 . The Irish Times .
8. Web site: Capt. John Alcock and Lt. Arthur Whitten Brown . 1998-02-09 . The Aviation History On-Line Museum .
9. Web site: June 1919. Seamus. Fox. Chronology of Irish History 1919–1923. 2008-08-31. Dublin. 2012-10-31. https://web.archive.org/web/20041121015041/http://www.dcu.ie/~foxs/irhist/june_1919.htm. 21 November 2004. dead.
10. Book: Mackay, James. Michael Collins: A Life. Edinburgh. Mainstream. 1996. 1851588574. 132.
11. Book: Cottrell, Peter. The War for Ireland, 1913–1923. Oxford. Osprey Publishing. 2009. 978-1-84603-9966. 92.
12. Web site: November 1919. Seamus. Fox. Chronology of Irish History 1919–1923. 2008-08-31. Dublin. 2012-10-31. https://web.archive.org/web/20041123084808/http://www.dcu.ie/~foxs/irhist/november_1919.htm. 23 November 2004. dead.
13. Web site: From Mitchelstown Co-Op to Dairygold – 100 years of progress, innovation, jobs and much more!. The Avondhu. 2019-05-05. 2022-09-15.
14. Web site: Anphoblact. 2009-12-17. Remembering the Past: Martin Savage and the Ashtown ambush. Mícheal. Mac Donncha. 2022-09-15.
15. Book: Nolan, Karen . Sweet Memories: The Story of Urney Chocolates . 2010 . Blue Rook Press. . 978-0-9566474-0-5.
16. Web site: A Guided Tour of Ballymore Woolen Mills . 24 July 2019 . 25 May 2024 . kildarelocalhistory.ie.
17. Web site: Ballymore Eustace walking tour . 4 August 2023. westwicklowhistoricalsociety. 25 May 2024.
18. Book: Mac Liammoir. Michael. Eavan. Boland. W. B. Yeats. registration. Thames and Hudson. Thames and Hudson Literary Lives. London. 1971. Chronology. 132. 9780500130339 .
19. Book: Cox, Michael. The Concise Oxford Chronology of English Literature. Oxford University Press. 2004. 978-0-19-860634-5.
20. Poetry November 1919.
21. Book: O'Leary, Philip. The Prose Literature of the Gaelic Revival, 1881–1921: Ideology and Innovation. Penn State University Press. State College. 1994. 0-271-01064-9. 161.
22. Book: Hayes, Dean. 2006. Northern Ireland International Football Facts. Appletree Press. Belfast. 0-86281-874-5. 162.