| Election Name: | 1918 Wellington Central by-election |
| Country: | New Zealand |
| Flag Year: | 1918 |
| Type: | By-election |
| Ongoing: | no |
| Previous Election: | 1914 New Zealand general election |
| Previous Year: | 1914 general |
| Next Election: | 1919 New Zealand general election |
| Next Year: | 1919 general |
| Turnout: | 4,719 (51.43%) |
| Candidate1: | Peter Fraser |
| Party1: | New Zealand Labour Party |
| Popular Vote1: | 2,668 |
| Percentage1: | 56.54% |
| Candidate2: | Joe Mack |
| Colour2: | FFBBBB |
| Party2: | Independent Labour |
| Popular Vote2: | 1,044 |
| Percentage2: | 22.12% |
| Candidate4: | William Hildreth |
| Party4: | New Zealand Liberal Party |
| Popular Vote4: | 784 |
| Percentage4: | 16.61% |
| Candidate5: | Harry Atmore |
| Party5: | Independent politician |
| Popular Vote5: | 185 |
| Percentage5: | 3.92% |
| Member | |
| Before Election: | Robert Fletcher |
| After Election: | Peter Fraser |
| Before Party: | New Zealand Liberal Party |
| After Party: | New Zealand Labour Party |
| Result: | Labour gain from Liberal |
The Wellington Central by-election of 1918 was a by-election held in the electorate during the 19th New Zealand Parliament, on 3 October 1918. It was caused by the death of incumbent MP Robert Fletcher of the Liberal Party and was won by Peter Fraser with a majority of 1,624.
The Wartime Coalition government between the Reform Party and Liberal Party sought to retain the seat, though were anxious of their chances of retaining an urban electorate following their narrow win in the Wellington North by-election several months earlier. Under the terms of the coalition agreement between Reform and the Liberal's a condition was made not to oppose each other in by-elections for deceased or retiring MP's from their own parties. Several candidates were approached for the Liberal nomination and eventually William Hildreth, a Wellington City Councillor was selected and endorsed by acting-Prime Minister James Allen.
The Labour Party had supported Robert Fletcher (a left winger amongst the Liberals) in the 1911 and 1914 elections, but decided to contest the election for his vacated seat themselves. Labour were confident following a near victory in the Wellington North by-election earlier in the year. There were three contestants for the Labour Party nomination Peter Fraser, John Read and Michael Reardon.[1] Fraser was selected as the official Labour candidate and had a large local following. Fraser had gained much notability after spending one year in jail for sedition after speaking out against the war and conscription. Even on his release he was still a prominent critic of the government.
Joe Mack stood as an independent Labour candidate. He was a moderate amongst the union movement and unlike most others he supported both the war effort and conscription. To many observers, Mack represented "sane Labour" due to his distance from the radical views held by many socialists at the time. His candidature was put forward by the Protestant Political Association of New Zealand claiming him to be a patriotic individual and not a "Bolshevik" like many of his union colleagues.
|}
The following table gives the election results: