| Country: | Empire of Brazil |
| Type: | parliamentary |
| Seats For Election: | 125 members of the Chamber of Deputies |
| Party1: | Conservative Party (Brazil) |
| Party2: | Liberal Party (Brazil, 1831) |
| Seats1: | 103 |
| Seats2: | 22 |
| Next Year: | 1890 |
| Seat Change1: | 48 |
| Seat Change2: | 45 |
| Previous Year: | 1884 |
Parliamentary elections were held in the Empire of Brazil on 15 January 1886 to elect members of the 20th legislature of the Chamber of Deputies. These were the third direct elections held after the Saraiva Law was enacted (Law No. 3,029 of 9 January 1881) and the last elections held in the country before the military coup d'état that overthrew emperor Pedro II and installed the Brazilian Republic. The Conservative Party won 103 seats, the Liberal Party won 22, and the Republican Party won none. The chamber was later dissolved on 17 June 1889.
| Provinces and Neutral Municipality | Districts | Liberals | Conservatives | Elected votes | Total votes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alagoas | 5 | 2 | 3 | 2,076 | 3,417 | |
| Amazonas | 2 | – | 2 | 455 | 752 | |
| Bahia | 14 | – | 14 | 8,442 | 13,216 | |
| Ceará | 8 | 3 | 5 | 3,874 | 5,401 | |
| Espírito Santo | 2 | – | 2 | 833 | 1,389 | |
| Goiás | 2 | – | 2 | 1,146 | 1,875 | |
| Maranhão | 6 | – | 6 | 2,056 | 3,916 | |
| Mato Grosso | 2 | – | 2 | 757 | 1,238 | |
| Minas Gerais | 20 | 11 | 9 | 11,229 | 19,589 | |
| Neutral Municipality and Rio de Janeiro | 12 | – | 12 | 8,446 | 13,618 | |
| Pará | 6 | – | 6 | 2,433 | 4,180 | |
| Paraíba | 5 | 1 | 4 | 2,465 | 3,845 | |
| Paraná | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1,193 | 2,050 | |
| Pernambuco | 13 | 1 | 12 | 6,519 | 10,355 | |
| Piauí | 3 | – | 3 | 1,506 | 3,097 | |
| Rio Grande do Norte | 2 | – | 2 | 1,487 | 2,234 | |
| Rio Grande do Sul | 6 | 1 | 5 | 4,663 | 9,125 | |
| Santa Catarina | 2 | – | 2 | 1,278 | 2,368 | |
| São Paulo | 9 | 2 | 7 | 6,746 | 12,413 | |
| Sergipe | 4 | – | 4 | 1,725 | 2,803 | |
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