| Election Name: | 1881 United States House of Representatives elections |
| Country: | United States |
| Flag Year: | 1887 |
| Type: | legislative |
| Ongoing: | no |
| Previous Election: | 1880 United States House of Representatives elections |
| Previous Year: | 1880 |
| Next Election: | 1882 United States House of Representatives elections |
| Next Year: | 1882 |
| Seats For Election: | 7 (out of 293) seats in the United States House of Representatives |
| Election Date: | April 5, 1881 – November 22, 1881 |
| 1Blank: | Seats up |
| 2Blank: | Races won |
| Party1: | Republican Party (US) |
| Image1: | J. Warren Keifer - Brady-Handy.jpg |
| Leader1: | J. Warren Keifer |
| 1Data1: | 5 |
| 2Data1: | 5 |
| Party2: | Democratic Party (US) |
| Leader2: | Samuel J. Randall |
| 1Data2: | 0 |
| 2Data2: | 2 |
| Seat Change2: | 2 |
| Party4: | Greenback Party |
| 1Data4: | 0 |
| 2Data4: | 0 |
| Party5: | Independent Democratic |
| 1Data5: | 0 |
| 2Data5: | 0 |
| Party7: | Independent (US) |
| 1Data7: | 0 |
| 2Data7: | 0 |
There were seven special elections to the United States House of Representatives in 1881 during the 47th United States Congress.
Elections are listed by date and district.
|-! | colspan=3 | Vacant| | Incumbent member-elect Omar D. Conger (R) resigned during previous congress.
New member elected April 5, 1881 and seated December 5, 1881, with the rest of the House.[1]
Republican hold.| nowrap |
|-! | colspan=3 | Vacant| | Incumbent member-elect Fernando Wood (R) resigned during previous congress.
New member elected November 8, 1881 and seated December 5, 1881, with the rest of the House.[2]
Democratic gain.| nowrap |
|-! | Levi P. Morton| | Republican| 1878| | Incumbent resigned March 21, 1881, to become U.S. Minister to France.
New member elected November 8, 1881 and seated December 5, 1881, with the rest of the House.[3]
Democratic gain.| nowrap |
|-! | Warner Miller| | Republican| 1878| | Incumbent resigned July 26, 1881, when elected U.S. Senator.
New member elected November 8, 1881 and seated December 5, 1881, with the rest of the House.[4]
Republican hold.| nowrap |
|-! | Elbridge G. Lapham| | Republican| 1874| | Incumbent resigned July 29, 1881, when elected U.S. Senator.
New member elected November 8, 1881 and seated December 5, 1881, with the rest of the House.[5]
Republican hold.| nowrap |
|-! | William P. Frye| | Republican| 1870| | Incumbent resigned March 17, 1881, when elected U.S. Senator.
New member elected September 12, 1881 and seated December 5, 1881, with the rest of the House.[6] [7]
Republican hold.| nowrap |
|-! | Nelson W. Aldrich| | Republican| 1878| | Incumbent resigned when elected U.S. Senator.
New member elected November 22, 1881 and seated December 5, 1881, with the rest of the House.[6] [8]
Republican hold.| nowrap |
|}