1770 in Canada explained

Events from the year 1770 in Canada.

Incumbents

George III[1]

Governors

Guy Carleton

Lord William Campbell

John Byron

Walter Patterson[2]

Events

Births

Full date unknown

Deaths

Historical documents

Hard winters and scarcity of farm staples and manufactures useful in Britain make northern colonies dependent on West Indies, not mother country[3]

Warships will form line from Cape Race, Newfoundland to latitude of Cape Cod to prevent smuggling to St. Lawrence, Nova Scotia coast and Massachusetts[4]

British in Quebec request general assembly to encourage agriculture and trade and attach increasingly poor Canadians to economy and British law[5]

Canadians request return of their laws, which are basis of their property and family rule, and public office from which they are humiliatingly excluded[6]

Reward of $200 offered for information on "the Malefactors and abominable people that have, and attempt yet every Day, to set Fire to this Town"[7]

Since surveyor appointed, small number of chimney fires shows benefit of chimney law, and minding fireplaces may save "us from that dreadful Calamity"[8]

Lightning coming down chimney to fireplace she was kneeling at kills woman in Charlebourg, her last words being "My God, I am dying: Help"[9]

After saying he would kill his wife to priest (and requesting he "assist him at the Gallows"), Quebec man attempts murder and then kills himself[10]

Coroner's Inquest conclusions (previously called verdicts) finds Catharine Alexander's stillborn baby was given for burial to "ignorant Woman [who] indecently" put coffin in snow behind prison[11]

Advertisement for shipping on Lakes Ontario, Erie and Huron - "infinitely less liable to hazard" than going "defenceless[...]to be seized by the Savages"[12]

Illinois Country whites (pop. ca. 2,000) have connections with Canada and local Indigenous people, and tend to trade and hunt more than farm[13]

Dinner given at Northwest Arm near Halifax in celebration of Festival of St. Aspinquid, with toasts to Hendrick, Uncas, Massasoit and other sachems[14]

Nova Scotia townships must support only resident poor people and orphans, excepting poor and disabled people who can be supported by family[15]

Needy "dissenting Ministers" of Nova Scotia will benefit from interest earned on charitable fund "warmly recommended" by 28 such clergymen in London[16]

Interest on loans in Nova Scotia to be no higher than 6% (with grandfather clause) and lenders charging higher rate are to pay triple value of loan made[17]

St. John's Island looking for fishers to settle, where they will pay no duty on rum, molasses "or any other Commodity necessary for Fishermen"[18]

George Cartwright's sighting of Beothuk evokes long description of them and Newfoundlanders' murderous attitude toward them (Note: "wild" used)[19]

St. John's merchants tell Gov. Byron Newfoundland trade suffers from previous governor, worker neglect, loss of settlers, drinking, and customs delays[20]

Church of the Brethren missionaries establish selves among "Esquimaux" in Labrador with view to settlement (Note: stereotypes of Indigenous people)[21]

Moravian missionary purchases land from head Inuk in each tent because "you are all Lords + Masters[...], each of you says He is Master of the Land"[22]

After Inuit men of "Esquimaux Bay" acknowledge violence of past, missionary consults with them on where Moravians should build their house[23]

Inuit acknowledge that they are Brethren's children and must attend their meetings and do what they are told to do[24]

George Cartwright describes construction of Inuit sled made of spruce planks, whale jaw bone runners and walrus hide thongs[25]

Samuel Hearne on expedition is irked but not dismayed by ways of his Indigenous guide ("Con-ne-e-quese"; Note: "niggard" means ungenerous person)[26]

Hearne quotes Indigenous leader Matonabbee as saying women are made for labour, such as carrying, hauling, making and mending clothing etc.[27]

Hearne describes moose hide tent and its use as woodland tipi early on his expedition northwest from Prince of Wales Fort, Churchill[28]

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Kings and Queens of Canada . aem . 24 February 2021 . 11 August 2017.
  2. Web site: Office of Lieutenant Governor: Lieutenant Governors gallery . www.gov.pe.ca . 31 March 2019.
  3. Mr. Wynne, "Reflections on the present State of the North-American Colonies", A General History of the British Empire in America(....) Vol. II (1770), pgs. 393-5. (See also in this volume (pg. 430): "Canada can be nothing but a factory for the fur trade, and Nova-Scotia only a fishing settlement.") Accessed 21 April 2022
  4. "May 18", The Quebec Gazette, Nomb. 296 (August 30, 1770), 3rd pg. Accessed 23 June 2022
  5. "Petition for a General Assembly" (1770?), Documents Relating to the Constitutional History of Canada, 1759-1791 (1907), pgs. 291-2 (PDF frames 305-6). Accessed 24 June 2022
  6. "Petition for the Restoration of French Law and Custom" (1770?; in French with English translation), Documents Relating to the Constitutional History of Canada, 1759-1791 (1907), pgs. 292-5 (PDF frames 306-9). Accessed 24 June 2022
  7. "The United Company of the City of Montreal[....]", The Quebec Gazette, Nomb. 298 (September 13, 1770), 3rd pg., right column. (See also provincial government offers additional reward of 200 Spanish dollars) Accessed 22 June 2022
  8. "Quebec, March 15", The Quebec Gazette, Nomb. 272 (March 15, 1770), 3rd pg. Accessed 22 June 2022
  9. "Quebec, August 9", The Quebec Gazette, Nomb. 293 (August 9, 1770), 3rd pg. Accessed 23 June 2022
  10. "Quebec, February 15", The Quebec Gazette, Nomb. 268 (February 15, 1770), 3rd pg. Accessed 22 June 2022
  11. "Quebec, March 22", The Quebec Gazette, Nomb. 273 (March 22, 1770), 3rd pg. Accessed 22 June 2022
  12. "Captain Grant", The Quebec Gazette, Nomb. 272 (March 22, 1770), 3rd pg. Accessed 22 June 2022
  13. Philip Pittman, "Of the Inhabitants" The Present State of the European Settlements of the Mississippi (1770), pg. 55. Accessed 20 June 2022
  14. "Halifax, June 5", The Nova Scotia Chronicle and Weekly Advertiser, Vol. II, No. 23 (May 29 - June 5, 1770), pg. 184 Accessed 21 June 2022
  15. https://bnald.lib.unb.ca/legislation/act-settlement-poor-several-townships-within-province "An Act for the Settlement of the Poor in the several Townships within this Province"
  16. "Halifax, February 20; By Letters received[....]", The Nova Scotia Chronicle and Weekly Advertiser, Vol. II, No. 8 (February 13–20, 1770), pg. 63 Accessed 21 June 2022 (See also royal donation of £1,000 to fund)
  17. https://bnald.lib.unb.ca/legislation/act-establishing-rate-interest-0 "An Act for establishing the Rate of Interest"
  18. "Extract of a Letter from a Merchant in St. John's Island", The Nova Scotia Chronicle and Weekly Advertiser, Vol. II, No. 10 (February 28 - March 6, 1770), pg. 79 Accessed 21 June 2022
  19. C.W. Townsend (ed.), "Wednes., July 11, 1770" Captain Cartwright and His Labrador Journal (1911), pgs. 16-25. Accessed 24 June 2022
  20. https://numerique.banq.qc.ca/patrimoine/details/52327/4266139 "The following Address(....)
  21. Benjamin La Trobe, A Succinct View of the Missions Established among the Heathen by the Church of the Brethren[....] (1771), pgs. 26-7 (See "Journal of the Voyage of the Jersey Packet to Labrador and Newfoundland" (1770) for record of these events) Accessed 20 June 2022
  22. http://central.bac-lac.gc.ca/.redirect?app=fonandcol&id=5395330&lang=eng "Journal of the Voyage of the Jersey Packet to Labrador and Newfoundland"
  23. http://central.bac-lac.gc.ca/.redirect?app=fonandcol&id=5395330&lang=eng "Journal of the Voyage of the Jersey Packet to Labrador and Newfoundland"
  24. http://central.bac-lac.gc.ca/.redirect?app=fonandcol&id=5395330&lang=eng "Journal of the Voyage of the Jersey Packet to Labrador and Newfoundland"
  25. C.W. Townsend (ed.), "As the construction(...)" Captain Cartwright and His Labrador Journal (1911), pgs. 56-7. Accessed 24 June 2022
  26. Samuel Hearne, A Journey from Prince of Wales's fort in Hudson's Bay, to the Northern Ocean (1795), pg. 30 Accessed 20 June 2022
  27. Samuel Hearne, A Journey from Prince of Wales's fort in Hudson's Bay, to the Northern Ocean (1795), pg. 55 Accessed 21 June 2022
  28. Samuel Hearne, A Journey from Prince of Wales's fort in Hudson's Bay, to the Northern Ocean (1795), pgs. 18-20 Accessed 20 June 2022

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