1730 in Canada explained

Events from the year 1730 in Canada.

Incumbents

• French Monarch

Louis XV^[1]

• British and Irish Monarch

George II^[2]

Governors

• Governor General of New France

Charles de la Boische, Marquis de Beauharnois

• Colonial Governor of Louisiana

Étienne Perier

• Governor of Nova Scotia

Lawrence Armstrong

• Commodore-Governor of Newfoundland

Henry Osborn

Events

• Seven Cherokee chiefs visit London and form an alliance, The Articles of Agreement, with King George II.
• 1730s: The Mississauga drive the Seneca Iroquois south of Lake Erie.

Deaths

• Antoine Laumet Cadillac, founder of Detroit.^[3]

Historical documents

• Jesuit's long report on Saguenay region, it's geography and Mistassini Cree, and Innu (Montagnais) near Tadoussac (Note: "savages" used)^[4]
• New York governor seeks way to subsidize Oswego garrison and trade (key to Six Nations support) with tax acceptable to Assembly and Crown^[5]
• "That they might live and settle among them" - French and Meskwaki (Fox) in Seneca territory concern New York Indian commissioners^[6]
• N.Y. legislators on backfired past attempt to squeeze French out of Indigenous trade, and effect of current trouble from Oswego traders^[7]
• French send "a thousand sail of ships annually" to fish off Newfoundland and had 220,000 quintals of cod for Marseille market in 1730^[8]
• Legal advice that Newfoundland justices' powers don't include judging property cases, and taxation must have consent of some popular assembly^[9]
• "Hundreds of these poor creatures are beging [sic] up and down" - Servants' wages are withheld at end of fishing season, leaving them destitute^[10]
• Fishing admirals hold themselves superior to justices of the peace and Governor Osborn, whose authority is "only from the Privy Council"^[11]
• "So avers to all Government" - Fishing captains and traders won't support civil authority, even at tax rate of "one farthing in the pound"^[12]
• Newfoundlanders ask protection from price gouging by "masters of shipps," and that their flax and hemp "be sent home freight free"^[13]
• History of 1720s fighting between Saint George River settlers and "French Indians" to keep former's land out of "the hands of the Indians"^[14]
• Surveyor of His Majesty's Woods told to, "by the most gentle usage," deter Penobscot from hindering settlement beyond Saint George River^[15]
• In face of aggressiveness from Massachusetts, David Dunbar reaches out to Penobscot and their Canada-educated, mixed-race comrade^[16]
• Gov. Belcher objects to Dunbar's settlements between Sagadahoc (Kennebec) River and Gulf of St. Lawrence, which Massachusetts claims^[17]
• Nova Scotia governor offers Dunbar his limited advice on Penobscot (Note: "animals" and "savages" used)^[18]
• Dunbar relates complaints of Minas region merchants required to discount wares they supply to Annapolis Royal garrison^[19]
• Sure that his own settlements will take years to actualize, Gov. Philipps envies way new "Province of Maine" governor attracts settlers^[20]
• David Dunbar criticized for settlement names like "Province of Georgia" (it's Nova Scotia land) and "Fredericksburg" (which isn't English)^[21]
• Fidelity oath (in French) signed by Annapolis Acadians, plus their address welcoming governor's written assurance of religious rights^[22]
• 1755 Acadian petition includes 1730 fidelity oath (in English) and testimony that Gov. Philipps promised them neutrality at that time^[23]
• With brief French lesson, Trade Board says oath given to Annapolis Acadians doesn't actually require their fidelity to His Majesty^[24]
• "Good management, plain reasoning and presents" - Philipps reports that Indigenous and French have submitted to British governance^[25]
• Oath of allegiance signed by 591 of "the French inhabitants of Nova Scotia"^[26]
• Philipps again appeals for adequate defence of Canso, pointing out its £30-40,000 value in duties and its 6–7 hours march from French forces^[27]
• Philipps told issuing settler-requested £2,000 in paper money impossible "till you shall have an Assembly," and then with "very great caution"^[28]
• David Dunbar worried about working in Nova Scotia, where people are afraid to travel and "are even insulted in their garrisons"^[29]
• Philipps to assist in settling Irish and Palatines in defensible townships between Penobscot and St. Croix rivers (Note: "savage" used)^[30]
• Fine and prison sentence set for "wild fellows who catch the horses in the fields and race them to the great detriment of the beasts"^[31]
• Hudson's Bay Company employee reports on wild rice, good grass for hay, and thriving fruit trees (!) in Moose River country^[32]
• Governors instructed not to seize whale products or discourage that fishery but "to encourage the same to the utmost of their power"^[33]

Notes and References

1. Guéganic (2008), p. 13.
2. Web site: 30 December 2015 . George I . 18 April 2016 . Official web site of the British monarchy.
3. https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/antoine-laumet-cadillac "Cadillac, Antoine Laumet"
4. Letter of Pierre Laure (translation; March 13, 1730), The Jesuit Relations and Allied Documents; Vol. LXVIII; Lower Canada, Crees, Louisiana, 1720-1736. Accessed 10 May 2021 http://moses.creighton.edu/kripke/jesuitrelations/relations_68.html (scroll down to "Page 23")
5. https://www.british-history.ac.uk/cal-state-papers/colonial/america-west-indies/vol37/pp397-410 622 (xiii) Gov. Montgomerie to the Council of Trade and Plantations abstract
6. https://www.british-history.ac.uk/cal-state-papers/colonial/america-west-indies/vol37/pp397-410 622 i-ii(a and b) Indian Commissioners, Albany
7. https://www.british-history.ac.uk/cal-state-papers/colonial/america-west-indies/vol37/pp397-410 622 ii memorandum of N.Y. Council and Assembly members
8. https://www.canadiana.ca/view/oocihm.20114/10?r=0&s=1 Considerations on the State of the British Fisheries in America....
9. https://www.british-history.ac.uk/cal-state-papers/colonial/america-west-indies/vol37/pp85-97 "196 Mr. Attorney General to the Council of Trade and Plantations"
10. https://www.british-history.ac.uk/cal-state-papers/colonial/america-west-indies/vol37/pp258-275 422 Letter of Governor Osborn
11. https://www.british-history.ac.uk/cal-state-papers/colonial/america-west-indies/vol37/pp258-275 "422 ii Complaint of the Justices of the Peace at Placentia against the Fishing Admirals"
12. https://www.british-history.ac.uk/cal-state-papers/colonial/america-west-indies/vol37/pp321-331 503 Letter of William Keen
13. https://www.british-history.ac.uk/cal-state-papers/colonial/america-west-indies/vol38/pp51-68 "90 Petition of inhabitants of Newfoundland to the King"
14. https://www.british-history.ac.uk/cal-state-papers/colonial/america-west-indies/vol37/pp70-85 175 Petition referred by Privy Council to Trade Board
15. https://www.british-history.ac.uk/cal-state-papers/colonial/america-west-indies/vol37/pp97-113 "215 Mr. Popple to Col. Dunbar"
16. https://www.british-history.ac.uk/cal-state-papers/colonial/america-west-indies/vol37/pp340-357 533 Letter of Lt. Gov. Dunbar
17. https://www.british-history.ac.uk/cal-state-papers/colonial/america-west-indies/vol38/pp1-14 "13 i Memorial of Governor Belcher to the King"
18. https://www.british-history.ac.uk/cal-state-papers/colonial/america-west-indies/vol37/pp357-376 "563 ii Governor Philipps to Col. Dunbar"
19. 533 Letter of Lt. Gov. Dunbar (November 17, 1730), Calendar of State Papers Colonial, America and West Indies: Volume 37, 1730. Accessed 12 May 2021 https://www.british-history.ac.uk/cal-state-papers/colonial/america-west-indies/vol37/pp340-357 (scroll down letter to "It is now the 30th of November")
20. https://www.british-history.ac.uk/cal-state-papers/colonial/america-west-indies/vol37/pp1-18 "3 Governor Philipps to the Council of Trade and Plantations"
21. https://www.british-history.ac.uk/cal-state-papers/colonial/america-west-indies/vol37/pp97-113 "215 Mr. Popple to Col. Dunbar"
22. https://www.british-history.ac.uk/cal-state-papers/colonial/america-west-indies/vol37/pp1-18 3 i and 3 ii
23. https://archives.novascotia.ca/deportation/archives/?Number=NSHSIII&Page=111 "I yesterday recd a Memorial"
24. https://archives.novascotia.ca/deportation/archives/?Number=ONEI&Page=84 Mr. Secretary Popple to Govr. Philipps
25. https://archives.novascotia.ca/deportation/archives/?Number=ONEI&Page=86 Govr. Philipps to the Duke of Newcastle
26. https://www.british-history.ac.uk/cal-state-papers/colonial/america-west-indies/vol37/pp251-255 "411 iii Oath of allegiance to King George"
27. https://www.british-history.ac.uk/cal-state-papers/colonial/america-west-indies/vol37/pp251-255 "411 Governor Philipps to the Council of Trade and Plantations"
28. https://www.british-history.ac.uk/cal-state-papers/colonial/america-west-indies/vol37/pp113-130 246 Trade Board to Philipps
29. https://www.british-history.ac.uk/cal-state-papers/colonial/america-west-indies/vol37/pp19-37 45 Letter of David Dunbar
30. https://www.british-history.ac.uk/cal-state-papers/colonial/america-west-indies/vol37/pp85-97 "197 H.M. Additional Instructions to Governor Phillips (sic)"
31. https://archives.novascotia.ca/heartland/archives/?Number=Two&Page=199 Order Against Riding Horses
32. Arthur Dobbs, An Account of the Countries Adjoining to Hudson's Bay.... (1745), pgs. 45-6. Accessed 7 May 2021
33. https://www.british-history.ac.uk/cal-state-papers/colonial/america-west-indies/vol37/pp19-37 "72 Order of King in Council"