13th century in philosophy explained

This is a timeline of philosophy in the 13th century.

Events

• 1204 – The Franciscan Order is formed by Francis of Assisi which would later have a major impact on Christian philosophy.^[1]
• 1210 – The bishops of Paris ban the teaching of Aristotle's natural philosophy at the University of Paris.
• 1222 – The University of Padua is established, which became an important center of philosophy in Europe in the following centuries.^[2]
• 1228 – Dōgen introduces Sōtō Zen to Japan.^[3]
• 1242 – A mathematical device named the Tusi couple is developed by al-Tusi which challenges Ptolemaic ideas.^[4]
• 1248 – The Dominican Order establishes a studium generale in Germany, promoting the study of theology and scholastic thought in Europe.^[5]
• 1258 – The public academy and intellectual center, the House of Wisdom is destroyed during the siege of Baghdad.^[6]
• 1250 – The oldest recorded usage of a movable type printed a Buddhist text called Sangjeong Gogeum Yemun in Korea which was carried out by Ch'oe Yun-ŭi.^[7]
• 1270 – Led by Bishop Étienne Tempier, the Church condemns 13 propositions derived from Aristotelian and Averroist philosophies from being taught at the University of Paris.^[8]
• 1263 – The Disputation of Barcelona takes place where Nahmanides, leading Jewish scholar debates Pablo Christiani, a Jewish converso and Dominican friar over whether Jesus was the Jewish messiah.
• 1277 – Reaffirming earlier condemnations by the University of Paris, they denounce 219 propositions from many sources, including the works of Thomas Aquinas.^[9]

Publications

• Metaphysique et Noetique by Albertus Magnus^[10]
• Liber de causis proprietatum elementorum by Albertus Magnus^[11]
• Kethabha dhe-Bhabhatha by Bar Hebraeus^[12]
• Quaternuli by David of Dinant^[13]
• De regimine principum by Giles of Rome
• Summa quaestionum ordinarium by Henry of Ghent^[14]
• Quodlibeta Theologica by Henry of Ghent
• Tagmulei haNefesh by Hillel ben Samuel^[15]
• Fuṣūṣ Al-Ḥikam by Ibn Arabi^[16]
• Al-Tanqīḥāt fī Sharḥ al-Talwīḥāt by Ibn Kammuna^[17]
• al-Masāʼil al-Ṣiqilliyya by Ibn Sab'in^[18]
• Tractatus de divisione potentiarum animae by John of la Rochelle^[19]
• Logica by Lambert of Auxerre
• Zohar by Moses de León
• Akhlāq-i Nāsirī by Nasir al-Din al-Tusi
• Rissho Ankoku Ron by Nichiren^[20]
• Summulae Logicales by Peter of Spain^[21]
• Summa de bono by Philip the Chancellor
• Conciliator differentiarum quae inter philosophos et medicos versantur by Pietro d'Abano
• Ashtadasa Rahasyangal by Pillai Lokacharya^[22]
• Ars Magna by Ramon Llull
• Ars compendiosa inveniendi veritatem by Ramon Llull^[23]
• Ars demonstrativa by Ramon Llull
• Ars inventiva veritatis by Ramon Llull
• Art amativa by Ramon Llull
• Lectura super figuras Artis demonstrativae by Ramon Llull^[24]
• De luce by Robert Grosseteste^[25]
• De tempore by Robert Kilwardby^[26]
• De spiritu fantastico sive de receptione specierum by Robert Kilwardby
• Quaestiones supra libros Ethicorum by Robert Kilwardby^[27]
• Quaestiones in librum primum Sententiarum by Robert Kilwardby^[28]
• Quaestiones in librum secundum Sententiarum by Robert Kilwardby^[29]
• Quaestiones in librum tertium Sententiarum by Robert Kilwardby^[30]
• Quaestiones in librum quartum Sententiarum by Robert Kilwardby^[31]
• De ortu scientiarum by Robert Kilwardby^[32]
• Opus Majus by Roger Bacon
• Opus Minus by Roger Bacon
• Opus Tertium by Roger Bacon
• Summa Grammatica by Roger Bacon
• Summa de sophismatibus et distinctionibus by Roger Bacon^[33]
• Summulae dialectics by Roger Bacon
• De multiplictione specierum by Roger Bacon
• Communia naturalium by Roger Bacon
• Epistola de secretis operibus naturae et de nullitate magiae by Roger Bacon
• Compendium studii philosophiae by Roger Bacon
• Epistola de secretis operibus naturae et de nullitate magiae by Roger Bacon
• Iggeret ha-Wikkuaḥ by Shem-Tov ibn Falaquera^[34]
• Tractatus de anima intellectiva by Siger of Brabant^[35]
• Quaestiones logicales by Siger of Brabant^[36]
• Quaestiones naturales by Siger of Brabant^[37]
• De aeternitate mundi by Siger of Brabant
• Quaestio utrum haec sit vera: Homo est animal nullo homine existente by Siger of Brabant
• Impossibilia by Siger of Brabant
• Summa Theologicae by Thomas Aquinas
• Summa contra Gentiles by Thomas Aquinas
• Quaestiones Disputatae de Veritate by Thomas Aquinas
• Scriptum super libros sententiarum Petri Lombardi by Thomas Aquinas
• by Thomas Aquinas
• Quaestiones disputatae de potentia Dei by Thomas Aquinas
• In libros posteriorum Analyticorum expositio by Thomas Aquinas
• In libros De anima expositio by Thomas Aquinas
• In librum De sensu et sensato expositio by Thomas Aquinas
• In librum De memoria et reminiscentia expositio by Thomas Aquinas
• Super librum De causis expositio by Thomas Aquinas
• De unitate intellectus, contra Averroistas by Thomas Aquinas
• In libros Meteorologicorum expositio by Thomas Aquinas
• Quaestiones disputatae de virtutibus by Thomas Aquinas
• Quaestiones disputatae de malo by Thomas Aquinas
• Sapientiale by Thomas of York^[38]
• De summo bono by Ulrich of Strasbourg^[39]
  • Shatadushani by Vendanta Desika Mimamsa Paduka by Vendanta Desika^[40]
• Tattva Mukta Kalapa by Vendanta Desika^[41]
• Perspectiva by Vitello^[42]
• Summa aurea by William of Auxerre^[43]

Births

• 1200 – Albertus Magnus, German Dominican friar, philosopher, scientist, and bishop.
• 1200 – Dōgen, Japanese Zen Buddhist monk, writer, poet, and philosopher.
• 1200 – William of Saint-Amour, French scholastic philosopher and theologian.
• 1200 – John of La Rochelle, French Franciscan friar, scholastic philosopher, and theologian.
• 1201  - Nasir al-Din al-Tusi, Persian polymath.
• 1201 – Richard de Fournival, French philosopher and trouvère.
• 1205 – Pillai Lokacharya, Indian philosopher.
• 1215 – Ibn Kammuna, Iraqi Jewish physician and philosopher.
• 1215 – Pope John XXI, bishop of Rome and head of Catholic Church, (usually identified as the logician, herbalist, and philosopher, Peter of Spain).
• 1215 – Robert Kilwardby, English Archbishop of Canterbury, cardinal, and scholar.
• 1215 – William of Moerbeke, Flemish Dominican cleric and translator.
• 1217 – Henry of Ghent, Belgian scholastic philosopher.
• 1219/20  - Roger Bacon, English polymath and Franciscan friar.
• 1220 – Thomas of York, Franciscan theologian and scholastic philosopher.
• 1220 – Hillel ben Samuel, Italian Jewish physician, philosopher, and Talmudist.
• 1221 – Bonaventure, Italian Franciscan bishop, cardinal, theologian, and philosopher.
• 1222 – Nichiren, Japanese Buddhist priest and philosopher.
• 1225  - Thomas Aquinas, Italian Dominican friar, priest, philosopher, and theologian.
• 1225 – Shem-Tov ibn Falaquera, Sephardic Jewish philosopher, poet, and commentator.
• 1225 – Ulrich of Strasbourg, German Dominican theologian and scholastic philosopher.
• 1226 – Bar Hebraeus, Syrian polymath.
• 1230 – Vitello, Polish friar, theologian, and natural philosopher.
• 1232  - Ramon Llull, Spanish philosopher, theologian, poet, missionary, and Christian apologist.
• 1240 – Siger of Brabant, Belgian philosopher.
• 1240 – Matthew of Aquasparta, Italian Franciscan friar and philosopher.
• 1240 – Abraham Abulafia, Sephardic Jewish philosopher and writer.
• 1243 – Giles of Rome, Italian philosopher and theologian.
• 1243 – Narahari Tirtha, Indian philosopher, scholar, and statesman.
• 1246  - Henry Bate of Mechelen, Brabantian philosopher, theologian, astronomer, astrologer, poet, and musician.
• 1248 – Peter John Olivi, French Franciscan theologian and philosopher.
• 1249 – Richard of Middleton, French or English Franciscan theologian and scholastic philosopher.
• 1250 – Theodoric of Freiberg, German Dominican priest, philosopher, theologian, and physicist.
• 1257 – Pietro d'Abano, Italian philosopher, astrologer, and professor.
• 1260 – Simon of Faversham, English scholastic philosopher and university chancellor.
• 1260 – Meister Eckhart, German Catholic priest, theologian, philosopher, and mystic.
• 1260 – Vital du Four, French Franciscan theologian and scholastic philosopher.
• 1265 – Dante, Italian poet, writer, and philosopher.
• 1265/66  - Duns Scotus, Scottish Catholic priest and Franciscan friar, professor, philosopher, and theologian.
• 1268  - Vedanta Desika, Indian polymath.
• 1269 – Vidyadhiraja Tirthu, Indian Hindu philosopher, dialectician, and the seventh pontiff of Madhvacharya Peetha.
• 1270  - Abner of Burgos, Sephardic Jewish philosopher and polemical writer.
• 1270 – Alexander Bonini, Italian Franciscan friar and philosopher.
• 1270 – Theodore Metochites, Byzantine Greek statesman, author, philosopher, and patron.
• 1270 – Radulphus Brito, French grammarian and philosopher.
• 1275 – Sant Dnyaneshwar, Indian saint, poet, philosopher, and yogi.
• 1275 – Durandus of Saint-Pourçain, French Dominican, philosopher, theologian, and bishop.
• 1275 – Walter Burley, English scholastic philosopher and logician.
• 1280 – Francis of Meyronnes, French scholastic philosopher.
• 1280 – Petrus Aureoli, Italian scholastic philosopher and theologian.
• 1282 – Akshobhya Tirtha, Indian philosopher, scholar, and theologian.
• 1285 – John of Jandun, French philosopher, theologian, and political writer.
• 1287  - William of Ockham, English Franciscan friar, scholastic philosopher, apologist, and theologian.
• 1290 – Walter Chatton, English scholastic philosopher and theologian.
• 1290 – Francis of Marchia, Italian Franciscan theologian and philosopher.
• 1290 – Robert Holcot, English Dominican scholastic philosopher and theologian.
• 1290 – Narayana Panditacharya, Indian scholar and philosopher.
• 1293 – Judah ben Moses Romano, Italian Jewish philosopher and translator.

Deaths

• 1200 – Zhu Xi, Chinese calligrapher, historian, philosopher, poet, and politician.
• 1202 – Joachim of Fiore, Italian Christian theologian, Catholic abbot, and the founder of the monastic order of San Giovanni in Fiore.
• 1202/03 – Alain de Lille, French theologian, philosopher, professor, and poet.
• 1204 – Maimonides, Sephardic Jewish rabbi, philosopher, astronomer, and physician.
• 1209 – Fakhr al-Din al-Razi, Persian polymath.
• 1210 – Jinul, Korean monk.
• 1212 – Hōnen, Japanese religious reformer and progenitor of Jōdo Buddhism.
• 1215 – Ralph of Longchamp, English scholastic philosopher, natural philosopher, and physician.
• 1217 – David of Dinat, Belgian pantheistic philosopher.
• 1217 – Ibn Sab'in, Andalusi Arab philosopher.
• 1225 – Urso of Calabria, Italian philosopher and author.
• 1231 – William of Auxerre, French scholastic philosopher and theologian.
• 1230 – Samuel ibn Tibbon, French Jewish philosopher and physician.
• 1235 – Zhen Dexiu, Chinese politician and philosopher.
• 1240 – Ibn Arabi, Andalusi Arab scholar, mystic, poet, and philosopher.
• 1242 – George Pachymeres, Byzantine Greek historian, philosopher, music theorist and miscellaneous writer.
• 1243 – Haymo of Faversham, English Franciscan scholar and professor.
• 1245 – Alexander of Hales, Franciscan friar, theologian, and scholastic philosopher.
• 1245 – John of La Rochelle, French Franciscan friar, scholastic philosopher, and theologian.
• 1248 – Ibn Kammuna, Iraqi Jewish physician and philosopher.
• 1248 – John Blund, English scholastic philosopher.
• 1249 – William of Auvergne, French theologian and philosopher.
• 1253 – Robert Grosseteste, English statesman, scholastic philosopher, theologian, scientist, and bishop.
• 1253 – Dōgen, Japanese Zen Buddhist monk, writer, poet, and philosopher.
• 1259 – Roland of Cremona, Italian Dominican theologian and scholastic philosopher.
• 1260 – Richard de Fournival, French philosopher and trouvère.
• 1260 – Aaron ben Joseph of Constantinople, teacher, philosopher, physician, and liturgical poet.
• 1262 – Altheides, Cypriot philosopher.
• 1263 – Shinran, Japanese Buddhist monk.
• 1270 – Nachmanides, Catalonian Jewish scholar, rabbi, philosopher, physician, kabbalist, and biblical commentator.
• 1274  - Thomas Aquinas, Italian Dominican friar, priest, philosopher, theologian, and a jurist in scholasticism.
• 1274  - Nasir al-Din al-Tusi, Persian polymath.
• 1275 – Shemariah of Negropont, Greek-Jewish philosopher and Biblical exegete.
• 1277 – Ulrich of Strasbourg, German Dominican theologian and scholastic philosopher.
• 1279 – Robert Kilwardby, English Archbishop of Canterbury, cardinal, and scholar.
• 1260 – Richard Rufus, Cornish Franciscan scholastic philosopher, and theologian.
• 1280 – Albertus Magnus, German Dominican friar, philosopher, scientist, and bishop.
• 1280 – Vitello, Polish friar, theologian, and natural philosopher.
• 1282 – Nichiren, Japanese Buddhist priest and philosopher.
• 1286 – Bar Hebraeus, Syrian polymath.
• 1286 – William of Moerbeke, Flemish Dominican cleric, philosopher, and translator.
• 1292  - Roger Bacon, English polymath and Franciscan friar.
• 1293 – Henry of Ghent, Belgian scholastic philosopher.
• 1294 – Bartholomew of Bologna, Italian Franciscan scholastic philosopher.
• 1295 – Hillel ben Samuel, Italian Jewish physician, philosopher, and Talmudist.
• 1296 – Sant Dnyaneshwar, Indian saint, poet, philosopher, and yogi.
• 1298 – Peter John Olivi, French Franciscan theologian and philosopher.

See also

• List of centuries in philosophy

References

• Sir Anthony Kenny. An Illustrated Brief History of Western Philosophy. Second Edition. Blackwell Publishing. 2006. Chapter 8. Page 144 et seq.

Notes and References

1. Ingham . Mary Beth . 2022-11-17 . Franciscan Theology . St Andrews Encyclopaedia of Theology . en.
2. "History". Università di Padova. Retrieved 8 June 2020
3. Web site: Zenshuji Soto Mission - History . 2024-10-03 . www.zenshuji.org.
4. Nosonovsky . Michael . 2018-08-14 . Abner of Burgos: The Missing Link between Nasir al-Din al-Tusi and Nicolaus Copernicus? . Zutot . 15 . 1 . 25–30 . 10.1163/18750214-12151070 . 1571-7283.
5. Web site: Dominican Spirituality In Germany . 2024-10-03 . www.domcentral.org.
6. Web site: 2024-08-09 . Bayt al-Hikmah House of Wisdom, Islam, Time Period, Significance, & Baghdad Britannica . 2024-10-06 . www.britannica.com . en.
7. Web site: 2024-10-05 . First use of metal moveable-type printing . Guinness World Records.
8. Rubenstein, p. 216
9. Grant (1974)
10. Book: Libera, Alain de . Métaphysique et noétique: Albert le Grand . 2005 . Vrin . 978-2-7116-1638-1 . fr.
11. Book: Albertus (Magnus), Saint . Liber de Causis Proprietatum Elementorum . 2010 . Marquette University Press . 978-0-87462-249-2 . en.
12. Web site: LUX: Yale Collections Discovery . 2024-10-05 . lux.collections.yale.edu . en.
13. https://shs.cairn.info/article/E_RMM_034_0419/pdf?lang=en David of Dinant – On the Quaternuli Fragment
14. Book: (of Ghent), Henry . Henry of Ghent's Summa: The Questions on God's Existence and Essence, (articles 21-24) . 2005 . Peeters . 978-90-429-1590-9 . en.
15. Web site: HebrewBooks.org Sefer Detail: תגמולי הנפש -- הלל בן שמואל, מוירונה . 2024-10-04 . hebrewbooks.org.
16. Book: al-ʻArabī, Ibn . The Bezels of Wisdom . 1980 . Paulist Press . 978-0-8091-2331-5 . en.
17. Web site: al-Tanqīḥāt fī sharḥ al-Talwīḥāt., by Saʻd ibn Manṣūr Ibn Kammūnah et al. The Online Books Page . 2024-10-04 . onlinebooks.library.upenn.edu.
18. [Luisa Arvide]
19. Book: Rochelle . Jean de La . Tractatus de divisione multiplici potentiarum animae . Rupella) . Johannes (de . 1964 . Vrin . la.
20. Web site: 2020-08-24 . Rissho Ankoku—Securing Peace for the People . 2024-10-07 . www.sokaglobal.org . en.
21. Web site: Summulae logicales work by Peter of Spain Britannica . 2024-10-05 . www.britannica.com . en.
22. Web site: admin . 2023-03-06 . Ashtadasha Rahasyangal in Telugu Lipi – Srivaishnava Sampradayam . 2024-10-04 . en.
23. [Ramon Llull#CITEREFBonner2007|Bonner 2007]
24. Gayà, Jordi (1979). "La teoría luliana de los correlativos. Historia de su formación conceptual." Universität Freiburg im Breisgau
25. Web site: 2023-10-31 . On Light (De Luce) - The Matheson TrustThe Matheson Trust . 2024-10-02 . www.themathesontrust.org . en-GB.
26. Book: Kilwardby . Robert . De tempore . Broadie . Alexander . 1987 . British Academy . 978-0-19-726121-7 . en.
27. Review of: Robert Kilwardby's commentary on the Ethics of Aristotle . Bryn Mawr Classical Review . 1055-7660.
28. Hissette . Roland . 1987 . Robert Kilwardby, Quaestiones in librum primum Sententiarum. Herausgegeben von Johannes Schneider . Revue Philosophique de Louvain . 85 . 66 . 266–268.
29. Hissette . Roland . 1998 . Robert Kilwardby, Quaestiones in Librum secundum Sententiarum, herausgegeben von Gerhard Leibold . Revue Philosophique de Louvain . 96 . 2 . 323–324.
30. Web site: University . Robertus Kilwardby, Quaestiones in Librum Tertium Sententiarum, I, Christologie . 2024-10-04 . Parker Library On the Web - Spotlight at Stanford . en.
31. Book: Kilwardby, Robert, -1279 . Quaestiones in librum quartum Sententiarum . 1993 . München : Verlag der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften : In Kommission bei C.H. Beck.
32. Book: Kilwardby, Robert . De ortu scientiarum . 1976 . [London] : British Academy . Internet Archive.
33. Web site: Hackett . Jeremiah . Roger Bacon . 2024-10-07 . plato.stanford.edu . en.
34. Book: Harvey, Steven . Falaquera's Epistle of the Debate: An Introduction to Jewish Philosophy . 1987 . Harvard University Center for Jewish Studies . 978-0-674-29174-4 . en.
35. Web site: Tractatus de anima intellectiva work by Siger de Brabant Britannica . 2024-10-07 . www.britannica.com . en.
36. Web site: History of Medieval Philosophy 341 . 2024-10-07 . www3.nd.edu.
37. Web site: CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Siger of Brabant . 2024-10-07 . www.newadvent.org.
38. Web site: 2023-05-22 . "Thomae Eboracensis Sapientiale" . 2024-10-05 . thomasinstitut.uni-koeln.de . en-US.
39. Book: Strassburg), Ulrich (von . De summo bono . 2004 . Felix Meiner Verlag . 978-3-7873-1684-7 . la.
40. Web site: Veṅkaṭanātha Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy . 2024-10-09 . en-US.
41. Book: Tattva Mukta Kalapa of Vedanta Desika with various Sanskrit commentaries . English.
42. Web site: Perspectiva work by Witelo Britannica . 2024-10-04 . www.britannica.com . en.
43. Web site: Summa aurea work by William of Auxerre Britannica . 2024-10-03 . www.britannica.com . en.