1390s in England explained

Events from the 1390s in England.

Incumbents

Monarch – Richard II (to 30 September 1399), then Henry IV

Events

1390
- Parliament passes a statute forbidding retainers to wear livery whilst off-duty.
- Statute of Provisors prohibits clergy from accepting benefices from the Pope.
- September – the future King Henry IV of England supports the Teutonic Knights at the siege of Vilnius in the Lithuanian Civil War.^[1]
- John Gower's poem Confessio Amantis is completed.
1391
- Parliament re-asserts royal prerogatives.
1392
- King Richard II retakes control of London.
- Thomas of Woodstock, 1st Duke of Gloucester created Lieutenant of Ireland but forbidden to actually travel there.
- Penistone Grammar School, which will in the late 20th century become one of the first community comprehensive schools in England, is founded near Barnsley.
1393
- Hundred Years' War

Peace negotiations between England and France at Calais.

- Rebellion in northern England protesting at peace negotiations with France is quickly suppressed.
- Statute of Praemunire makes it an offence to promote Papal Bulls or excommunications.
- The hammerbeam roof of Westminster Hall is commissioned from royal carpenter Hugh Herland.^[2]
- Approximate date – Julian of Norwich begins to write Revelations of Divine Love about her sixteen mystical visions.
1394
- 2 October – King Richard leads an expedition to Ireland to enforce his rule there.^[3]
- 25 December – Richard defines the borders of English rule in Ireland; later to become known as the English Pale.
- First scholars enter Winchester College.
1395
- 15 May – Richard leaves Ireland, having achieved his objectives.
- Lollard manifesto The Twelve Conclusions of the Lollards attached to the doors of St Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey.
1396
- 9 March – Hundred Years' War: 28-year truce signed with France.
- 25 September – Thomas Arundel succeeds William Courtenay as Archbishop of Canterbury.
- 31 October – marriage of the widowed Richard II of England (29) and 6-year-old Isabella of Valois, the daughter of Charles VI of France.
1397
- 10 February – John Beaufort becomes Earl of Somerset.
- 6 June – Richard Whittington is nominated as Lord Mayor of London for the first time.
- 12 July – Richard II attempts to reassert authority over his kingdom by arresting members of a group of powerful barons known as the Lords Appellant.
- September – Parliament condemns the Lords Appellant, impeaching Duke of Gloucester, Richard FitzAlan, 11th Earl of Arundel, and Thomas de Beauchamp, 12th Earl of Warwick.
- 29 September – John Holland, Earl of Huntingdon is created Duke of Exeter by his half-brother Richard II. Thomas Holland, 3rd Earl of Kent, John's nephew, is created Duke of Surrey.
- 8 November – Roger Walden enthroned as Archbishop of Canterbury after Thomas Arundel is banished from the realm by King Richard II.
1398
- 27 January – Parliament meets at Shrewsbury and annuls the acts of the 1388 Parliament.
- 16 September – King Richard stops a duel between his cousin, Henry of Bolingbroke, and Thomas de Mowbray, 1st Duke of Norfolk.
- October – King Richard II exiles both Henry Bolingbroke and the Duke of Norfolk for ten years in order to end their feud.
- Mount Grace Priory is established in Yorkshire by Thomas Holland, 1st Duke of Surrey.

1399
- 3 February – death of John of Gaunt, uncle of King Richard II and father of Henry Bolingbroke.
- 18 March – Richard II cancels the legal documents allowing the exiled Henry Bolingbroke to inherit his father's land.^[4]
- 23 April – St George's Day in England is first officially celebrated as a holiday.^[5]
- 29 May – Richard travels to Ireland to suppress a rebellion.^[4]
- 4 July – Henry Bolingbroke, with exiled former archbishop of Canterbury Thomas Arundel as an advisor, returns to England and begins a military campaign to reclaim his confiscated land.^[3]
- 19 August – having returned from Ireland, Richard is taken prisoner by Henry's followers at Conway Castle.^[4]
- 29 September – abdication of Richard II, a second for an English monarch.^[6]
- 30 September – Parliament accepts Henry Bolingbroke as the new king,^[4] the first since the Norman Conquest whose mother tongue is English rather than French.^[7]
- 13 October – coronation of Henry IV of England.^[6]
- 21 October – Thomas Arundel is restored as Archbishop of Canterbury, replacing Roger Walden.
- First definite record of beer (rather than ale) being brewed in England, at Great Yarmouth by Peter Woutersone, a "Ducheman".^[8]

Births

1390
- 3 October – Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester (died 1447)
- 27 December – Anne de Mortimer, claimant to the throne (died 1411)
- John Dunstaple, composer (died 1453)
1391
- 6 November – Edmund Mortimer, 5th Earl of March, politician (died 1425)
- Thomas West, 2nd Baron West (died 1415)
1392
- 3 February – Henry Percy, 2nd Earl of Northumberland (died 1455)
- 3 August – John de Mowbray, 2nd Duke of Norfolk (born at Calais; died 1432)
- 12 or 31 August – William Bonville, 1st Baron Bonville (executed 1461)
1394
- Michael de la Pole, 3rd Earl of Suffolk (died 1415)
1395
- 18 March – John Holland, 2nd Duke of Exeter, military leader (died 1447)
- 7 September – Reginald West, 6th Baron De La Warr, politician (died 1427)
1396
- 16 October – William de la Pole, 1st Duke of Suffolk (died 1450)
- John de Ros, 7th Baron de Ros (died 1421)
1398
- Approximate date
  - James Tuchet, 5th Baron Audley (killed 1459)
  - William Waynflete, born William Patten, Lord Chancellor and bishop of Winchester (died 1486)
1399
- Approximate date – William Canynge, merchant (died 1474)

Deaths

1390
- 14 August – John FitzAlan, 2nd Baron Arundel, soldier (born 1364)
1392
- John Arderne, surgeon (born 1307)
1393
- 22 February – John Devereux, 1st Baron Devereux (year of birth unknown)
- 6 August – John de Ros, 5th Baron de Ros (born 1365)
1394
- 17 March – John Hawkwood, mercenary (born 1320)
- 4 June – Mary de Bohun, wife of Henry IV (born c. 1369)
- 7 June – Anne of Bohemia, queen of Richard II (plague) (born 1366)
1396
- 31 July – William Courtenay, Archbishop of Canterbury (born c. 1342)
- 29 November – Robert Ferrers, 2nd Baron Ferrers of Wem (born 1373)
- John Beaumont, 4th Baron Beaumont, Constable of Dover Castle (born 1361)
1397
- 25 April – Thomas Holland, 2nd Earl of Kent (born c. 1350)
- 3 June – William de Montacute, 2nd Earl of Salisbury, military leader (born 1328)
- 15 September – Adam Easton, Catholic Cardinal (year of birth unknown)
- 21 September – Richard FitzAlan, 11th Earl of Arundel, military leader (executed) (born 1346)
1398
- 20 July – Roger Mortimer, 4th Earl of March, heir to the throne of England (born 1374)
1399
- 3 February – John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster (born 1340)
- 24 March – Margaret Plantagenet, Duchess of Norfolk (born c. 1320)
- 29 July – William le Scrope, 1st Earl of Wiltshire (executed) (born 1350)
- 22 September – Thomas de Mowbray, 1st Duke of Norfolk, politician (born 1366)

Notes and References

Book: Gudavičius, Edvardas. Edvardas Gudavičius. Lietuvos istorija. Nuo seniausių laikų iki 1569 metų. Lietuvos rašytojų sąjungos leidykla. 1999. Vilnius. 173–174. 9986-39-112-1. lt.
Web site: The hammer-beam roof. UK Parliament. 2012-03-20.
Book: Williams, Hywel. Cassell's Chronology of World History. registration. London. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. 2005. 0-304-35730-8. 170–171.
Book: Palmer, Alan. Palmer. Veronica. 1992. The Chronology of British History. Century Ltd. London. 112–115. 0-7126-5616-2.
Book: Groom, Nick. The Union Jack: the story of the British flag. London. Atlantic Books. Paperback. 2007. 978-1-84354-337-4. 59.
Book: Penguin Pocket On This Day. Penguin Reference Library. 0-14-102715-0. 2006.
Book: Janvrin, Isabelle. 2016. Rawlinson. Catherine. [{{google books|zKvKDAAAQBAJ|plainurl=yes}} The French in London: From William the Conqueror to Charles de Gaulle]. 16. Emily Read. Wilmington Square Books. 978-1-908524-65-2.
Milan. Pajic. 'Ale for an Englishman is a natural drink': the Dutch and the origins of beer brewing in late medieval England. Journal of Medieval History. 45. 2019. 285–300.