1207 Explained

Year 1207 (MCCVII) was a common year starting on Monday (full calendar) under the Julian calendar.

Events

Spring - Siege of Attalia: Seljuk forces led by Sultan Kaykhusraw I besiege the city port of Attalia (modern-day Antalya) with siege machines. After a siege of more than 2 months, the city is captured, Kaykhusraw allows his forces 3 days of looting and slaughtering. The capture of the port gives the Seljuk Turks a major path into the Mediterranean.
September 4 - Battle of Messinopolis: Latin forces under Boniface of Montferrat are ambushed and defeated at Messinopolis. Boniface is killed and his head is sent to Kaloyan, ruler (tsar) of the Bulgarian Empire. Seeking to take advantage of the situation, Kaloyan besieges Thessalonica. In October, he dies under mysterious circumstances.^[1]

February 2 - Terra Mariana (or Medieval Livonia), comprising modern-day Estonia and Latvia, is established as a principality of the Holy Roman Empire. During its existence there is a constant struggle over supremacy between the lands ruled by the Teutonic Order, the secular German nobility, and the citizens of the Hanseatic towns of Riga and Reval.
Prince Mstislav Mstislavich ("the Daring") clashes with his uncle Rurik Rostislavich, Grand Prince of Kiev, and is forced to surrender the town of Torchesk (a major centre of resistance against Polovtsian raids).^[2]
Pope Innocent III declares for King Philip of Swabia as Holy Roman Emperor, a reversal of his previous support for Philip's rival Otto IV.

John, King of England ("Lackland") introduces the first income tax. One-thirteenth of income from rents and moveable property has to be paid. Collected locally by sheriffs and administered by the Exchequer, the tax is unpopular with the English nobility and especially in the churches and monasteries, but does raise a lot of money for John, doubling his annual income for the year.
May 24 - John still refuses to accept Stephen Langton as archbishop; Innocent III threatens to place England under an Interdict. In response, John confiscates church property. Many of the English bishops of the great churches in the country flee abroad to the Continent.
November - Leeds, a market town in West Yorkshire, receives its first charter (approximate date).

Jochi, eldest son of Genghis Khan, subjugates people of the Siberian forest (taiga); the Uriankhai, the Oirats, the Barga, the Khakas, the Buryats, and the Tuvans, extending the northern border of the Mongol Empire.
Hōnen and his followers of the Pure Land sect are persecuted and exiled to remote parts of Japan, while a few are executed, for what the government considers heretical Buddhist teachings.^[3]
Before 1207 - Kosho writes Kuya Preaching, during the Kamakura period (it is later kept at Rokuharamitsu-ji Temple in Kyoto).
October 7 - The Indramayu Regency in Nusantara is established.

The first documentary evidence of forced loans in Venice. This technique becomes the staple of public finance in Europe, until the 16th century.^[4]

June 17 - Stephen Langton is consecrated as archbishop of Canterbury in England by Innocent III at Viterbo.^[5]

February 7 - Sambor I, duke of Pomerania (b. 1150)
March 1 - Fernando Afonso, Portuguese Grand Master^[6]
May 3 - Fujiwara no Kanezane, Japanese nobleman
May 7 - Abdul Razzaq Gilani, Persian jurist (b. 1134)
June 6 - Gerardo dei Tintori, Italian mystic (b. 1134)
June 13 - Xie, Chinese empress consort (b. 1135)
June 19 - Ubaldo Lanfranchi, Italian archbishop
August 21 - Simon of Wells, bishop of Chichester
September 4
- Boniface I of Montferrat, Italian nobleman
- Raimbaut de Vaqueiras, French troubadour
October - Kaloyan, ruler (tsar) of the Bulgarian Empire^[7]
October 3 - Xin Qiji, Chinese general and poet (b. 1140)
November 3 - Hartwig II, German archbishop
November 24 - Han Tuozhou, Chinese statesman (b. 1152)
unknown date - Amalric of Bena, French theologian and mystic
probable
- Bona of Pisa, Italian nun and mystic (b. 1156)
- David Soslan, Alanian prince and king consort^[8]

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David Nicolle & Viacheslav Shpakovsky (2001). Osprey: Campaign Nr. 98: Kalka River 1223. Genghis Khan's Mongols invade Russia, p. 19. .
Hywel Williams (2005). Cassell's Chronology of World History, p.133. .
Munro. John H.. The Medieval Origins of the Financial Revolution. The International History Review. 2003. 15. 3. 506–562.
Bartlett, Robert (2000). England under the Norman and Angevin Kings: 1075–1225, pp. 404–405. Oxford: Clarendon Press. .
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Book: Madgearu, Alexandru . 2016 . The Asanids: The Political and Military History of the Second Bulgarian Empire, 1185–1280 . BRILL . 978-9-004-32501-2 . 153.
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